10 Fascinating Facts About Dragonflies

Prehistoric-looking dragonflies can be a little intimidating as they swoop about the summer skies. In fact, according to one dragonfly myth, the uncanny creatures would sew up the lips of unsuspecting humans. Of course, thats not even remotely true. Dragonflies are essentially harmless. Even better, these large-eyed aeronauts love to feed on pests like mosquitoes and midges for which we can be truly grateful—but those arent the only interesting qualities that make them so fascinating. 1. Dragonflies Are Ancient Insects Long before the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, dragonflies took to the air. Griffenflies (Meganisoptera), the gigantic precursors to modern dragonflies could reach lengths of nearly 30 inches and dotted the skies during the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. If you could transport yourself back a mere 250 million years, youd likely recognize the familiar sight of dragonflies similar to those of the present day. 2. Dragonfly Nymphs Live In the Water Theres a good reason why you see dragonflies and damselflies around ponds and lakes: theyre aquatic! Female dragonflies deposit their eggs on the waters surface, or in some cases, insert them into aquatic plants or moss. Once hatched, the nymph dragonfly spends its time hunting other aquatic invertebrates. Larger species even dine on the occasional small fish or tadpole. After molting somewhere between nine and 17 times, a dragonfly nymph is finally ready for adulthood and crawls out of the water to shed its final immature skin. 3. Nymphs Breath Through Their Anus The damselfly nymph actually breathes through gills  inside its rectum. Likewise, the dragonfly nymph pulls water into its anus to facilitate gas exchange. When the nymph expels water, it propels itself forward, providing the added benefit of locomotion to its breathing. 4. Most New Dragonfly Adults Are Eaten When a nymph is finally ready for adulthood, it crawls out of the water onto a rock or plant stem and molts one final time. This process takes up to an hour as the dragonfly expands to its full body capacity. These newly emerged dragonflies, known at this stage as teneral adults, are soft-bodied, pale, and highly vulnerable to predators. Until their bodies fully harden they are weak flyers, making them ripe for the picking. Birds and other predators consume a significant number of young dragonflies in the first few days after their emergence. 5. Dragonflies Have Excellent Vision Relative to other insects, dragonflies have extraordinarily keen vision that helps them detect the movement of other flying critters and avoid in-flight collisions. Thanks to two huge compound eyes, the dragonfly has nearly 360 ° vision and can see a wider spectrum of colors than humans. Each compound eye contains as many as 30,000 lenses or ommatidia and a dragonfly uses about 80 percent of its brain to process all of the visual information it receives. 6. Dragonflies Are Masters of Flight Dragonflies are able to move each of their four wings independently. They can flap each wing up and down, and rotate their wings forward and back on an axis. Dragonflies can move straight up or down, fly backward, stop and hover, and make hairpin turns—at full speed or in slow motion. A dragonfly can fly forward at a speed of 100 body lengths per second (up to 30 miles per hour). Using high-speed cameras, Scientists at Harvard University photographed dragonflies taking flight, catching prey, and returning to a perch, all within the time span of between 1 to 1.5 seconds. 7. Male Dragonflies Fight for Territory Competition for females is fierce, leading male dragonflies to aggressively fend off other suitors. In some species, males claim and defend a territory against intrusion from other males. Skimmers, clubtails, and petaltails scout out prime egg-laying locations around ponds. Should a challenger fly into his chosen habitat, the defending male will do all he can to chase away the competition. Other kinds of dragonflies dont defend specific territories but still behave aggressively to other males that cross their flight paths or dare to approach their perches. 8. Male Dragonflies Have Multiple Sex Organs In nearly all insects, the male sex organs are located at the tip of the abdomen. Not so in male dragonflies. Their copulatory organs are on the underside of the abdomen, up around the second and third segments. Dragonfly sperm, however, is stored in an opening of the ninth abdominal segment. Before mating, the dragonfly has to fold his abdomen in order to transfer his sperm to his penis. 9. Some Dragonflies Migrate A number of dragonfly species are known to migrate, either singly or en masse. As with other migratory species, dragonflies relocate to follow or find needed resources or in response to environmental changes such as impending cold weather. Green darners, for example, fly south each fall in sizeable swarms and then migrate north again in the spring. Forced to follow the rains that replenish their breeding sites, the globe skimmer—one of several species thats known to spawn in temporary freshwater pools—set a new insect world record when a biologist documented its 11,000 mile trip between India and Africa. 10. Dragonflies Thermoregulate Their Bodies Like all insects, dragonflies are technically ectotherms (cold-blooded) but that doesnt mean theyre at the mercy of Mother Nature to keep them warm or cool. Dragonflies that patrol (those that habitually fly back and forth) employ a rapid whirring movement of their wings to raise their body temperatures. Perching dragonflies, on the other hand, who rely on solar energy for warmth, skillfully position their bodies to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight. Some species even use their wings as reflectors, tilting them to direct the solar radiation toward their bodies. Conversely, during hot spells, some dragonflies strategically position themselves to minimize sun exposure, using their wings to deflect sunlight.

The Problem Of Medication Errors - 859 Words

Clinical Question This paper addressed the problem of medication errors in the healthcare setting and how they occur. Although medication errors sound harmless, it actually injures hundreds of thousands of individuals a year in the United States. According to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although medication errors can occur in any floor at any moment it is more prevalent to occur in the modes of transferring a patient. As per Johnson, Guirguis, and Grace (2015) â€Å"An estimated 60% of all medication errors occur during transit of care. The National Transitions of Care Coalition defines a transition of care as the movement of patients between healthcare locations, providers, or different levels of care within the same location as their conditions and care needs change, [and] frequently involves multiple persons, including the patient, the family member or other caregiver(s), nurse(s), socia l worker(s), case manager(s), pharmacist(s), physician(s), and other providers.† During this time frame the patient is changing settings and, the person responsible for the health care decisions is also changed. The specific clinical question guiding the search for a quantitative research article is as follows: In hospitalized patients that are being transferred would proper communication decrease the risk of medication errors? The population would be hospitalized patients being transferred. The interventionShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Medication Errors913 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper addressed the problem of medication errors in the healthcare setting and how they occur. Although medication errors sound harmless it actually injures hundreds of thousands of individuals a year in the United States. The significant of this subject is that medication errors occur according to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although medication errors can occur in any floor at any moment it is more prevalent toRead MoreNurses Are Causing Multiple Medication Errors in a Clinical and Practice Setting1030 Words   |  5 PagesIdentification of the Evidenced Based Problem The evidenced based problem that was identified for this research assignment, was that nurses were causing multiple medication errors in a clinical and practice setting. 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These complications are slowly rising, and becoming known as a â€Å"silent epidemic.† This silent epidemic can appear in a variety of situations – when a person is prescribed the wrong medication for his or her medical condition or age, the right medication in the wrong dose, or two or more medications that interact with dangerous, unintended side effects (When Medicine H urts: The Silent Epidemic†). Medication error is a reoccurring error that peopleRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Accurate Reporting1067 Words   |  5 Pagesof defense in ensure safe medication administration. It is the responsibility of the nurse to practice safe patient care and have responsible knowledge of medications. All too often, however, medication errors do occur. Over 733 nurses surveyed in a study by Urima University of Medical Sciences, have exposed the occurrences of medication errors, the reasons that these errors transpired, and how they feel they could have been prevented. Along with making the actual errors, reporting them is also aRead MoreEducation Medication Error : The United State, Health Care System1673 Words   |  7 PagesEducation medication error The United State, health care system wastes approximately 700 billion dollars yearly on systematic inefficiencies such as unnecessary procedures, frauds, administrative practices and errors ( Plonien, 2013). Medication administration error differs across the literature, it may be defined as a preventable event or deviation from procedures, policies and/or best practices that may result to inappropriate desired outcome in a patient. 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While defining medication errors, it is the unwantedRead MorePrevention Of Medication Errors And Nursing Practice1631 Words   |  7 PagesPrevention of Medication Errors in Nursing Practice Breton Sloop NU 332 Foundations of Nursing November 11, 2015 Teresa Faust Prevention of Medication Errors in Nursing Practice Mary is a critical care nurse at a busy urban hospital, who is trying to catch up on her morning medication administrations. Her patient had required several procedures that morning, due to an alteration in his condition, and now Mary is behind schedule. The patient is intubated and has a nasogastric tube, so she decidesRead MorePatient Safety Is A Major Concern For All Health Care1618 Words   |  7 Pagesan outpatient surgical center are medication errors and the electronic error reporting. The Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) is the organization that was used to support my project. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Initiative competency that was chosen for my indirect clinical project (ICP) was safety. Everyone in the health care environment wants to be kept safe. A discussion on how medication errors and the electronic error reporting affects everyone fromRead MoreMedication Errors During Transition Of Care945 Words   |  4 PagesMedicat ion Errors During Transition of Care The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of medication errors in health care facilities. According to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although not all medication errors occur during transition it is the time most prevalent for these errors to occur. As per Johnson, Guirguis, and Grace (2015) â€Å"An estimated 60% of all medication errors occur during transition of care

The United States Hypocrisy Free Essays

string(98) " during the gold rush was common, even more so was the sale of indigenous people between farmers\." The United States hypocrisy is evident when the â€Å"land of the free and home of the brave† came at the cost of Native American cultural genocide and near physical destruction. The term genocide was first used by Polish Journalists Raphael Lenin in his book â€Å"Axis Rule in Occupied Europe.† which was published in 1944. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Hypocrisy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lenkin defined genocide as the intentional mass killing of members of a nation and/or executing acts with the intention of destroying the basic foundations of life, aiming to destroy the group as a whole. The term â€Å"basic foundations of life† refer to the culture, language, religion, established public and social institutions, liberty and personal safety, health and dignity. After coining the term, Linken petitioned the United Nations to criminalize genocide, which they did in 1948. The United Nations coined their own term. Defining genocide as the intentional killing of or causing serious physical or mental harm to members of a group, deliberately inflicting life conditions calculated to bring physical destruction to a group, preventing births and transferring children forcibly from one group or another. Both definitions are broad, but the use of â€Å"intention† has lead to controversy regarding Native Americans and the atrocities committed by the United States and their government. Whether the U.S intentionally slaughtered Natives with the intention of extermination is of great controversy. Simply because there was no official decree passed by Congress calling for their demise. However, the US demonstrated genocidal mentality on multiple occasions that resulted in the massacre of hundreds of indigenous people. This mentality was exhibited by Secretary of War, Henry Knox in 1790 when he ordered the US army to â€Å"extirpate, utterly, if possible,† a group of natives refusing to cede their land in Ohio. President Jefferson also demonstrated the same mentality a few years later when faced with the altercations with different Indians. â€Å"If we are ever constrained to lifting the hatchet against any tribe, we will never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated or driven beyond Mississippi.† Later adding â€Å"They will kill some of us, we will kill all of them.† Both the Secretary of State and President of the US made it perfectly clear extermination was the only option when Natives refused to give their land. But this was not the first case of a president exhibiting such intolerant views. In 1799 the US declared war on the Haudenosaunee tribe for raids that had set back colonial settlement. â€Å"The objective of this war was â€Å"the total destruction and devastation of their settlements. † – George Washington. In this war, the US directly murdered 200 natives (Natives). When the topic of settlers and native American interactions arise, the common legend of Smallpox infested blankets being distributed to Natives by the settlers is widely debatable due to lack of hard evidence. Some argue it never happened, but on June 23rd, 1763 Captain William Trent wrote in his journal â€Å"We gave them two blankets and a handkerchief out if the Smallpox hospital†¦ I hope it will have its desired effects. † As a result, 60-80 Native died of Smallpox (Smallpox). It is clear that from the early years’ colonial settlement that the high ranking US officials possessed a genocidal mentality regarding the indigenous people who resided there first. On May 28th, 1830 Congress passed the Indian removal act. This policy, was vigorously promoted by Andrew Jackson, provided the opportunity for the US to negotiate with the natives for their land with the promise of compensation. Instead of buying the land, The US used brute force to obtain it. The five â€Å"civilized tribes’, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, creek, and Cherokee initially refused to negotiate. Many members of these tribes were trying to assimilate into American society. In 1835 self-appointed representatives from the Cherokee tribe drafted the Treaty of Echota. The treaty proposed trading of all Cherokee lands East of Mississippi River for five million dollars along with relocation assistance and compensation for lost property. The federal government agreed to these terms but most of the Cherokee felt betrayed. BY 1838 only two thousand had left for the reservation (Native), in response the government appointed General Winfield Scott and seven thousand other soldiers to handle the altercation. Their method of peace was to remove the natives and loot their homes. Afterwards, they forced the Natives to march 1200+ miles west, During this excruciating journey, they were not given food water or supplies. Over five thousand died from starvation, malnutrition and several flue epidemics including Whooping Cough, Typhus, Dysentery and Cholera. This journey was known as the Trail of Tears, and twenty-five per cent of these tribes died. Despite relocating the Native Americans and seizing land, the US still possessed presenting feelings towards natives. In the 1850s California Gold Rush natives were still being persecuted against and then enslaved. Should they not comply with treaties colonists would â€Å"make war..which must of necessity be one of extermination to many of the tribes.† stated by Californian Governor John McDougal in 1851 (Natives). A prime example of Native enslavement was exhibited on John Sutter’s private mill, where gold was discovered. Sutter was one of the most influential landowners at the time, enslaving hundred of natives who resided on his property and controlling them with fear. The Natives were used for labour and as a makeshift militia to protect Sutter’s 50,000 acres and trading centre. Sutter treated the native people horrendously. He was friendly at first but began to interfere with tribe customs and marriages. A former employee, Heinrich Lienhard accused Sutter of forming a Harlem and molesting young native girls. HIs method of control was fear. He was not hesitant to whip or kill noncompliant natives. Visitors noted â€Å"Sutter keeps 600-800 Indians in a complete stage of slavery†, feeding them leftover bread wheat from troughs while they slept in locked rooms without furniture. (Jeffery). The use of Native labour during the gold rush was common, even more so was the sale of indigenous people between farmers. You read "The United States Hypocrisy" in category "Papers" Enslavement was a popular form of oppression during the gold rush, but it was not the only ordeal Native Americans faced. One particularly revolting act was Californian Governor John B Wells rendering funding for the Eel River Rangers. The Eel River Rangers was a group of twenty or so white men who hunted down and slaughtered Indigenous women and children. (Natives )The State government of California provided finances needed to take the lives of innocent women and children. Of course when discussing homicidal acts perpetrated by the United States one cannot forget the Indian Wars. The Indian Wars were U.S army campaigns that targeted smaller groups of tribes to send a message to the rest of the population. The U.S army intentionally slaughtered hundreds of Natives on three separate occasions. The first massacre occurred near Preston, ID in 1863. Named the Bear River massacre an estimated 384 Shoshone Indians were open fired on. The second massacre occurred January 28th,1870. Two hundred natives, mostly women and children, were murdered. The issue pertaining to their deaths was the altercation between Malcolm Clarke and Owl child when Clarke accused Owl Child of stealing his horses and whipping him brutally as a punishment. After the whipping, Owl Child gathered several allies and they murdered Clarke, fleeing afterwards. This issue led to a massive outcry and the federal government appointed Major Eugene Baker to retaliate. When looking for Owl Child and his allies, baker and his men came across a band of peaceful Indians. The band consisted of women, children and elderly men. When informed this was the wrong tribe Baker replied: â€Å"That makes no difference, one band or another, they are all Piegans (Blackfeet) and we will attack them.† On that day 37 men, 90 women and 50 defensless children were open fired on. Additionally, Baker captured 140 woman and children as prisoners. But when finding that the majority were infected with smallpox he abandoned them with no food or other supplies (Olster). Baker was clearly more focused on seeking revenge than bringing justice to the guilty. He was not concerned with what was right or wrong. He deliberately massacred defenceless people, knowing their innocence, because he despised natives. This genocidal mentality proceeded by Owl Child’s cries resulted in their demise. As revolting as Baker’s actions were, they were still considered mediocre to the Wounded Knee Massacre. On December 15, 1890, colonists attempted to arrest Cheif Sitting-Bull. A fight erupted and Cheif Spotted elk led the band of natives to the Pine Ridge Reservation. On December 28th natives encountered a US cavalry that escorted them to Wounded Knee Creek. After being disarmed the natives commenced a â€Å"Ghost Dance†, a ceremonial dance that they believed would protect them from the American’s bullets. This agitated the US cavalry. Attempting to stop the natives resulted in a scuffle in which more than 60 women were killed. US cavalry suffered casualties of 31 dead, 333 wounded out of 500. (Olser). These massacres were messages to the larger population. Attempts to disrupt and destroy smaller members of a nation to cripple or at least communicate the homicidal intentions that would be met with further resistance or retaliation. The massacres exhibited the immense hatred the colonists possessed by slaughtering innocents as reparations for the guilty. In all cases, natives were disarmed, defenceless and completely innocent of violence against colonists. By attacking communities instead of armies the US army demonstrated intentions of destroying basic foundations fo life within the nation. When examining Native American oppression and the US government it is crucial to note the direct action US Congress took against the indigenous people. In this case, the United States established Native Americans on conditions precalculated to result in their deaths. On November 29th,1864 Cheif Black Kettle and Cheif Niwot led their band to Fort Lyon in compliance with provisions of a peace treaty established earlier that year in September. The Chiefs and their people were asked to relocate with the threat of their safety. To demonstrate friendliness to any Americans they may encounter the Natives hung a large American flag and a smaller white flag beneath it. John Chivington led the attack against the natives. Claiming â€Å"They were of the same tribes with those who had murdered many persons and destroyed valuable property on the Platt and Arkansas Rivers.† (Olster). Estimated casualties in this massacre vary, Chivington claimed â€Å"500 -600 warriors were killed.† But John S.Smith, an eyewitness general under Chivington’s command estimates 135 deaths, 105 being woman and children. Smith also accounted for the scalping of women and infants and further mutilation fo the deceased. The Cheyennes lost many women and children. Chiefs White Antelope, Yellow Wolf, Big Man, and a number of others, many who advocated for peace with the colonists, were killed. Chivington had no legitimate reason to believe these natives a threat. They had flown an Amercian Flag and the universal flag for peace yet he still chose to slaughter them. his actions expose the premeditated murder of these people. Chivington had no intention of letting the natives escape, these conditions resulted in the inevitable deaths of innocent indigenous people. From scalping women and infants to completely abolishing their millage and even murdering Smith’s â€Å"Hald breed † son Jack, Chivington displayed no compassion. Instead, he demonstrated brute force and barbarism towards natives. Unfortunately, the Sand Creek massacre wasn’t the finale occurrence of premeditated lethal conditions. On September 28th,1862 the American Government tried 392 Idginieos prisoners, sentencing 303 to death and giving 16 prison terms. Because this trial was a military trial President Lincoln reviewed the commissioner’s findings and found that 303 deaths seemed to genocidal. So he revised the criteria for the death penalty to those who had been convicted of rape, which lowered it to two. This number was still unsatisfactory so the criteria changed to those who had participated in the civilian massacres. December 26th, 1862 39 natives were sentenced to death. 38 were hanged and one was given a reprieve at the last minute. What makes this event so heinous was the conditions in which the trial was executed. The trial was conducted in English, the natives were unrepresented and unfamiliar with court proceedings. Also, the war that prompted these â€Å"war crimes† occurred in a sovereign state and those men who have surrendered were entitled to treatment of such. The disadvantages of the hearing completely abolished any chance of the natives having a fair trial and the possibility of them being found innocent. By placing them in that biased, tainted courtroom the American Government sealed their fate with no chance to defend themselves. The reason for the war? Two years prior to the trial the US failed to meet treaty obligations. In retaliation, Dakota warriors raided stole food and killed five settlers. After the sentencing and executions, it was found that two natives had been hung by mistake and a letter written by Cheif Wabasha stated the Americans had promised no innocent natives would be punished if they followed the advice of General Sibley (Trials). The Us clearly deceived the Natives, placing them in a premeditated, biased courtroom with less than fair trial conditions that would ultimately result in their deaths. In 1887, the American Government passed the Dawes Act. A policy that aimed to â€Å"safely guide natives from the night of barbarism to the fair dawn of Christian civilization.† Assimilation consisted of natives converting to Christianity, learning and speaking English, wearing western clothes and hairstyles, and living a typical American lifestyle. The act also stated that Indian Reservations were to be distributed to individuals and that land could not be sold for 25 years, land left over from distribution could be sold to outsiders. This allowed native land to be purchased by Americans as if Americans didn’t have enough already. And it doesn’t stop there. In 1930 the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could disperse native land without Indian consent. And in 1924 The Citizenship act was passed. This Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans. Unfortunately, the desired effects were not seen as natives were forced to send their children to boarding schools for their education. In these schools children are often taught false information and censorship reigns supreme. Other nasty consequences of this act were the denial of rights to vote and extreme poverty. Most Indigenous people residing in inadequate housing with limited healthcare. While the United States failed in completely exterminating all Native Americans, no one can deny they had the mentality to do so. And this mentality, combined with artillery support led to the demise of hundreds of Natives. But even the slaughter of their people wants enough. Not only did we take their lives and their land, but we also stole their culture. Demanding them to replace their customs with our own or face death and discrimination. The United States failed in physical genocide but was successful in the demise of a cultural genocide. How to cite The United States Hypocrisy, Papers

Business Ethics Migration and Development

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Migration and Development. Answer: Introduction: There has been increasing global concern with patterns of labour exploitation in the seafood industry. The customers are not only worried about fish and oceans; they also want to ensure that the seafood products they devour are not contaminated by slavery-like practices on vessels and in dispensation plants. The increasing attention to ethics and human rights in the seafood industry illustrates a purpose to uphold the rights of the fishers. A Seafood Ethics Common Language is mostly created by Seafish, shortly after media articles of the UK had documented serious violations of labour in Seafood production (Skeldon et al. 2014). Another major ethical issue is that it has been found that young fish prefer small particles of plastic as their natural sources of food. This is mostly because; they are effectually starved before they can reproduce. Small particles of plastics have been found in fish, seabirds as well as whales as they swallow the particles however; are not able to digest th em. This in turn leads to build-up in their digestive tracts. The key ethical issue is related to health and safety as micro plastics in seafood is leading to increasing threat to health of human beings. Global production of plastic rose severely in present years. Between the year 2004 and 2014, the quantity of plastic manufactured increased by 38 percent. Most of the scientists fear that the chemicals in plastics are likely to cause poisoning as well as infertility. The presence of micro plastic in food items is likely to potentially raise direct exposure of plastic-associated chemicals to human beings that may present an attributable danger to human health (Edelman, Mandle and Kudzma 2013). People could evenbeanimate in plasticmicro particlespendant in the air, with the danger of aharmful effect on the lungs identical tocar fumes. One of the laboratory tests has reported that the chemicals are associated with micro plastics concentrates in the tissues of marine animals. It appears that fish stuffs them on public that is coated in bacteria and algae that mimicks their natural sources of food. A working group was organized by ISU, that involved exposure of plastic waste in the ocean. The plastic waste were found by different companies such as Pepsi, Coca Cola as well as Dell and Marks and Spencer who found the plastic bottles of their own products. Compare and Contrast different ethics The utilitarian approach is considered as the most familiar and easiest approach as it can be understood easily. A utilitarian approach to morality indicates that no moral act is essentially correct or incorrect. In order to investigate the ethical issue related to health and safety by making the use of use of utilitarian approach, it is required to identify several courses of action that are available. With the help of this approach, it becomes easier to identify who affected by every action and what benefits and costs they derive. It helps to select that action that provides the greatest advantage and least harm (Conway and Gawronski 2013). The ethical action is the one that provides the largest good for the largest number. It concentrates on the results that policies and approaches have on the welfare of all individuals that are rationally predicted to be directly or indirectly influenced by the action or policy. The principle illustrates that out of any two actions, the most ethi cal one will lead to largest balance of benefits over harms. With the help of this approach, the government will also consider a refundable deposit on plastic bottles. The supermarkets will also stop the sale of plastic-eating fish so that the life of the individuals can save. Although, they will not be able to make much profit but this approach deals with the happiness of others beside their own happiness (Boutilier et al. 2015). On the other hand, deontological ethics deals with the normative ethical position that judges the morality of a movement on basis of rules. This ethical approach helps to bind individuals to their duty. As a result, Gesamp that comprises of a combined group of experts on the scientific aspects of marine requires to bind to their duties by finding out several ways that will help to get rid of the plastics found in seafood. Similarly, the European Food Safety Authority should also augment their concern for human health and safety. The theories that are invented by Kant are also considered deontological. Kant argues that individuals must act from duty in order to act in a morally correct way. It has also been argued by Kant that the motives of the human beings help to perform the actions rather than the results of acts that make them correct or incorrect (Chakrabarty and Bass 2015). The libertarian approach holds that the general moral concepts are human rights of individuals. These mostly fall under the heading of rights to life as well as to property. The only restriction under this approach is that it is the duty of every individual to respect similar rights that they are enjoying at present. However, under the libertarian approach all the positive rights are rejected. This is mostly because; they do not believe that in individuals who are in need have any right to aid until they have made contractual arrangements in advance for the aid (Block, Futerman and Farber 2016). As a result, the human beings who are exposed to micro plastics will not have the right to aid bas well as powerful defence. It also states that the lawful rights of the inhabitants should be derived from the basic non-interference rights of residents. As stated by a Belgian study, an individual requires to consume well over 10,000 mussels each year in order to reach the amount of plastics. A ccording to the study, there is no proof of harm to individuals from those quantities. It is argued that contamination is extensive as well as a cause of concern. At present, the level of exposure to human beings is high at workplace or home through food or drink (Rochman et al. 2015). Virtue ethics is one of the three key strategies in normative ethics. It may, primarily be recognized as the one that highlights the qualities or ethical character; in disparity to the approach that highlights responsibilities or rules. The major form of virtue ethics is eudaemonist virtue ethics that describes virtue in terms of happiness. It is a moralized concept of happiness that can help to solve the decisive problem (Pozgar 2014). It has also been stated that plastic is not the enemy however; it is extremely helpful, not least in diminishing food waste. Ethical Perspective Seafish has adopted an incorporated strategy that helps to recognize as well as address risk with a clear procedure to recognize the risk itself. There are several tools for sourcing ethical seafood. It acts as a one-stop-shop those suggest individuals to several online resources as well as initiatives that supports socially responsible business practices. There are various sources of information that are obtainable on ethical apprehension in the seafood supply chain. These involve identification issues through global standards as well as on the initiatives of the ground that works to address those issues. The Ethical Seafood Sourcing Tool aims to understand social responsibility and how to address the issues related to plastics found in the seafood (Modica et al. 2016). An overview of the issues is illustrated that are faced by the seafood sector and also why it is imperative for the seafood business to address those issues. Another major ethical perspective that is undertaken invol ves The Responsible Fishing Scheme that helps to increase standards in the seafood catching sector mostly falls under the utilitarian approach that assesses a movement in terms of its results or outcomes. This in turn enables the seafood sector to demonstrate their commitment to the responsible sourcing of seafood. The RFS is the only global standard that audits compliance on board fishing vessels, including ethical and welfare criteria. The RFS is open to all kinds of fishing vessels as well as fisheries that helps fisherman to illustrate best practices through third-party auditing. However, at present the RFS does not have the aptitude to audit or police any legal authority (Johns 2013). Risk Assessment for Sourcing Seafood also acts as the solution to the problem. RASS presents advanced information on the probable reputational risks of sourcing a sort of seafood in a clear and structured format. The major aim of RASS is to support commercial purchasers of seafood by presenting advance d information on a widespread range of fisheries. It provides guide to the tool and proposed expansion of Aquaculture profiles and expansion of Wild Fishery profiles in order to integrate aspects related to social responsibility (Caveen et al. 2017). Reflection The materials that are provided by lecturers helps to gain a brief understanding about the subject that we are dealing with. When we are studying at University, a total amount of information that is delivered to us can be intimidating as well as confusing. We may even think that we require to copy about everything that we hear or interpret. There should be a purpose while taking effective notes and it should be well organized. The material that was provided by the lecturer in the weekly one hour lecture, outlined about the basic lecture and written source note taking ability. These notes helped me to extend my span of attention and it highlighted about the recognizing several sorts of ethical values, while going through the case study. It helped me to avoid writing out a comprehensive lecture script. In other words, a lecture script takes too much time to prepare that prevents from maintaining eye-contact with the lecturers (Morris 2016). As a result, the ability to remain impulsive gets hindered. The lecture notes were presented in ten to fifteen minute blocks. This helped to recapture my interest about the topic. I was also engaged with brainstorming session that helped to get a good understanding about the case study. With the help of two-hour workshop presentation, I was able to design a set of activities that helped to promote learning as well as discussion about ethical approaches. With the help of the lecture notes, I felt flexible while following the notes. The lecturer first observed about the level of interest of the students that eradicated the confusion to determine about the topic. The case study was also discussed by providing an in-depth feedback based on other students. The lecturer also made the notes by interacting with us rather than by interacting with the lecture notes. Delivery reminders were also included that included wide margins that helped to add notes about audio-video aids by asking questions to the students. The overview about the topics was provided before starting every class. This helped to facilitate us to take more notes and link present material to previously-learned content and future lectures. I was very explicit about connecting one topic to the next that helped me increase knowledge about why and how to study several ethical approaches. 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