10 Fascinating Facts About Dragonflies

Prehistoric-looking dragonflies can be a little intimidating as they swoop about the summer skies. In fact, according to one dragonfly myth, the uncanny creatures would sew up the lips of unsuspecting humans. Of course, thats not even remotely true. Dragonflies are essentially harmless. Even better, these large-eyed aeronauts love to feed on pests like mosquitoes and midges for which we can be truly grateful—but those arent the only interesting qualities that make them so fascinating. 1. Dragonflies Are Ancient Insects Long before the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, dragonflies took to the air. Griffenflies (Meganisoptera), the gigantic precursors to modern dragonflies could reach lengths of nearly 30 inches and dotted the skies during the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. If you could transport yourself back a mere 250 million years, youd likely recognize the familiar sight of dragonflies similar to those of the present day. 2. Dragonfly Nymphs Live In the Water Theres a good reason why you see dragonflies and damselflies around ponds and lakes: theyre aquatic! Female dragonflies deposit their eggs on the waters surface, or in some cases, insert them into aquatic plants or moss. Once hatched, the nymph dragonfly spends its time hunting other aquatic invertebrates. Larger species even dine on the occasional small fish or tadpole. After molting somewhere between nine and 17 times, a dragonfly nymph is finally ready for adulthood and crawls out of the water to shed its final immature skin. 3. Nymphs Breath Through Their Anus The damselfly nymph actually breathes through gills  inside its rectum. Likewise, the dragonfly nymph pulls water into its anus to facilitate gas exchange. When the nymph expels water, it propels itself forward, providing the added benefit of locomotion to its breathing. 4. Most New Dragonfly Adults Are Eaten When a nymph is finally ready for adulthood, it crawls out of the water onto a rock or plant stem and molts one final time. This process takes up to an hour as the dragonfly expands to its full body capacity. These newly emerged dragonflies, known at this stage as teneral adults, are soft-bodied, pale, and highly vulnerable to predators. Until their bodies fully harden they are weak flyers, making them ripe for the picking. Birds and other predators consume a significant number of young dragonflies in the first few days after their emergence. 5. Dragonflies Have Excellent Vision Relative to other insects, dragonflies have extraordinarily keen vision that helps them detect the movement of other flying critters and avoid in-flight collisions. Thanks to two huge compound eyes, the dragonfly has nearly 360 ° vision and can see a wider spectrum of colors than humans. Each compound eye contains as many as 30,000 lenses or ommatidia and a dragonfly uses about 80 percent of its brain to process all of the visual information it receives. 6. Dragonflies Are Masters of Flight Dragonflies are able to move each of their four wings independently. They can flap each wing up and down, and rotate their wings forward and back on an axis. Dragonflies can move straight up or down, fly backward, stop and hover, and make hairpin turns—at full speed or in slow motion. A dragonfly can fly forward at a speed of 100 body lengths per second (up to 30 miles per hour). Using high-speed cameras, Scientists at Harvard University photographed dragonflies taking flight, catching prey, and returning to a perch, all within the time span of between 1 to 1.5 seconds. 7. Male Dragonflies Fight for Territory Competition for females is fierce, leading male dragonflies to aggressively fend off other suitors. In some species, males claim and defend a territory against intrusion from other males. Skimmers, clubtails, and petaltails scout out prime egg-laying locations around ponds. Should a challenger fly into his chosen habitat, the defending male will do all he can to chase away the competition. Other kinds of dragonflies dont defend specific territories but still behave aggressively to other males that cross their flight paths or dare to approach their perches. 8. Male Dragonflies Have Multiple Sex Organs In nearly all insects, the male sex organs are located at the tip of the abdomen. Not so in male dragonflies. Their copulatory organs are on the underside of the abdomen, up around the second and third segments. Dragonfly sperm, however, is stored in an opening of the ninth abdominal segment. Before mating, the dragonfly has to fold his abdomen in order to transfer his sperm to his penis. 9. Some Dragonflies Migrate A number of dragonfly species are known to migrate, either singly or en masse. As with other migratory species, dragonflies relocate to follow or find needed resources or in response to environmental changes such as impending cold weather. Green darners, for example, fly south each fall in sizeable swarms and then migrate north again in the spring. Forced to follow the rains that replenish their breeding sites, the globe skimmer—one of several species thats known to spawn in temporary freshwater pools—set a new insect world record when a biologist documented its 11,000 mile trip between India and Africa. 10. Dragonflies Thermoregulate Their Bodies Like all insects, dragonflies are technically ectotherms (cold-blooded) but that doesnt mean theyre at the mercy of Mother Nature to keep them warm or cool. Dragonflies that patrol (those that habitually fly back and forth) employ a rapid whirring movement of their wings to raise their body temperatures. Perching dragonflies, on the other hand, who rely on solar energy for warmth, skillfully position their bodies to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight. Some species even use their wings as reflectors, tilting them to direct the solar radiation toward their bodies. Conversely, during hot spells, some dragonflies strategically position themselves to minimize sun exposure, using their wings to deflect sunlight.

The Problem Of Medication Errors - 859 Words

Clinical Question This paper addressed the problem of medication errors in the healthcare setting and how they occur. Although medication errors sound harmless, it actually injures hundreds of thousands of individuals a year in the United States. According to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although medication errors can occur in any floor at any moment it is more prevalent to occur in the modes of transferring a patient. As per Johnson, Guirguis, and Grace (2015) â€Å"An estimated 60% of all medication errors occur during transit of care. The National Transitions of Care Coalition defines a transition of care as the movement of patients between healthcare locations, providers, or different levels of care within the same location as their conditions and care needs change, [and] frequently involves multiple persons, including the patient, the family member or other caregiver(s), nurse(s), socia l worker(s), case manager(s), pharmacist(s), physician(s), and other providers.† During this time frame the patient is changing settings and, the person responsible for the health care decisions is also changed. The specific clinical question guiding the search for a quantitative research article is as follows: In hospitalized patients that are being transferred would proper communication decrease the risk of medication errors? The population would be hospitalized patients being transferred. The interventionShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Medication Errors913 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper addressed the problem of medication errors in the healthcare setting and how they occur. Although medication errors sound harmless it actually injures hundreds of thousands of individuals a year in the United States. The significant of this subject is that medication errors occur according to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although medication errors can occur in any floor at any moment it is more prevalent toRead MoreNurses Are Causing Multiple Medication Errors in a Clinical and Practice Setting1030 Words   |  5 PagesIdentification of the Evidenced Based Problem The evidenced based problem that was identified for this research assignment, was that nurses were causing multiple medication errors in a clinical and practice setting. 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These complications are slowly rising, and becoming known as a â€Å"silent epidemic.† This silent epidemic can appear in a variety of situations – when a person is prescribed the wrong medication for his or her medical condition or age, the right medication in the wrong dose, or two or more medications that interact with dangerous, unintended side effects (When Medicine H urts: The Silent Epidemic†). Medication error is a reoccurring error that peopleRead MoreThe Importance Of Patient Safety And Accurate Reporting1067 Words   |  5 Pagesof defense in ensure safe medication administration. It is the responsibility of the nurse to practice safe patient care and have responsible knowledge of medications. All too often, however, medication errors do occur. Over 733 nurses surveyed in a study by Urima University of Medical Sciences, have exposed the occurrences of medication errors, the reasons that these errors transpired, and how they feel they could have been prevented. Along with making the actual errors, reporting them is also aRead MoreEducation Medication Error : The United State, Health Care System1673 Words   |  7 PagesEducation medication error The United State, health care system wastes approximately 700 billion dollars yearly on systematic inefficiencies such as unnecessary procedures, frauds, administrative practices and errors ( Plonien, 2013). Medication administration error differs across the literature, it may be defined as a preventable event or deviation from procedures, policies and/or best practices that may result to inappropriate desired outcome in a patient. 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While defining medication errors, it is the unwantedRead MorePrevention Of Medication Errors And Nursing Practice1631 Words   |  7 PagesPrevention of Medication Errors in Nursing Practice Breton Sloop NU 332 Foundations of Nursing November 11, 2015 Teresa Faust Prevention of Medication Errors in Nursing Practice Mary is a critical care nurse at a busy urban hospital, who is trying to catch up on her morning medication administrations. Her patient had required several procedures that morning, due to an alteration in his condition, and now Mary is behind schedule. The patient is intubated and has a nasogastric tube, so she decidesRead MorePatient Safety Is A Major Concern For All Health Care1618 Words   |  7 Pagesan outpatient surgical center are medication errors and the electronic error reporting. The Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) is the organization that was used to support my project. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Initiative competency that was chosen for my indirect clinical project (ICP) was safety. Everyone in the health care environment wants to be kept safe. A discussion on how medication errors and the electronic error reporting affects everyone fromRead MoreMedication Errors During Transition Of Care945 Words   |  4 PagesMedicat ion Errors During Transition of Care The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of medication errors in health care facilities. According to Williams and Ashrcoft (2013) â€Å" An estimated median of 19.1 % of total opportunities for error in hospitals.† Although not all medication errors occur during transition it is the time most prevalent for these errors to occur. As per Johnson, Guirguis, and Grace (2015) â€Å"An estimated 60% of all medication errors occur during transition of care

The United States Hypocrisy Free Essays

string(98) " during the gold rush was common, even more so was the sale of indigenous people between farmers\." The United States hypocrisy is evident when the â€Å"land of the free and home of the brave† came at the cost of Native American cultural genocide and near physical destruction. The term genocide was first used by Polish Journalists Raphael Lenin in his book â€Å"Axis Rule in Occupied Europe.† which was published in 1944. We will write a custom essay sample on The United States Hypocrisy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lenkin defined genocide as the intentional mass killing of members of a nation and/or executing acts with the intention of destroying the basic foundations of life, aiming to destroy the group as a whole. The term â€Å"basic foundations of life† refer to the culture, language, religion, established public and social institutions, liberty and personal safety, health and dignity. After coining the term, Linken petitioned the United Nations to criminalize genocide, which they did in 1948. The United Nations coined their own term. Defining genocide as the intentional killing of or causing serious physical or mental harm to members of a group, deliberately inflicting life conditions calculated to bring physical destruction to a group, preventing births and transferring children forcibly from one group or another. Both definitions are broad, but the use of â€Å"intention† has lead to controversy regarding Native Americans and the atrocities committed by the United States and their government. Whether the U.S intentionally slaughtered Natives with the intention of extermination is of great controversy. Simply because there was no official decree passed by Congress calling for their demise. However, the US demonstrated genocidal mentality on multiple occasions that resulted in the massacre of hundreds of indigenous people. This mentality was exhibited by Secretary of War, Henry Knox in 1790 when he ordered the US army to â€Å"extirpate, utterly, if possible,† a group of natives refusing to cede their land in Ohio. President Jefferson also demonstrated the same mentality a few years later when faced with the altercations with different Indians. â€Å"If we are ever constrained to lifting the hatchet against any tribe, we will never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated or driven beyond Mississippi.† Later adding â€Å"They will kill some of us, we will kill all of them.† Both the Secretary of State and President of the US made it perfectly clear extermination was the only option when Natives refused to give their land. But this was not the first case of a president exhibiting such intolerant views. In 1799 the US declared war on the Haudenosaunee tribe for raids that had set back colonial settlement. â€Å"The objective of this war was â€Å"the total destruction and devastation of their settlements. † – George Washington. In this war, the US directly murdered 200 natives (Natives). When the topic of settlers and native American interactions arise, the common legend of Smallpox infested blankets being distributed to Natives by the settlers is widely debatable due to lack of hard evidence. Some argue it never happened, but on June 23rd, 1763 Captain William Trent wrote in his journal â€Å"We gave them two blankets and a handkerchief out if the Smallpox hospital†¦ I hope it will have its desired effects. † As a result, 60-80 Native died of Smallpox (Smallpox). It is clear that from the early years’ colonial settlement that the high ranking US officials possessed a genocidal mentality regarding the indigenous people who resided there first. On May 28th, 1830 Congress passed the Indian removal act. This policy, was vigorously promoted by Andrew Jackson, provided the opportunity for the US to negotiate with the natives for their land with the promise of compensation. Instead of buying the land, The US used brute force to obtain it. The five â€Å"civilized tribes’, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Seminole, creek, and Cherokee initially refused to negotiate. Many members of these tribes were trying to assimilate into American society. In 1835 self-appointed representatives from the Cherokee tribe drafted the Treaty of Echota. The treaty proposed trading of all Cherokee lands East of Mississippi River for five million dollars along with relocation assistance and compensation for lost property. The federal government agreed to these terms but most of the Cherokee felt betrayed. BY 1838 only two thousand had left for the reservation (Native), in response the government appointed General Winfield Scott and seven thousand other soldiers to handle the altercation. Their method of peace was to remove the natives and loot their homes. Afterwards, they forced the Natives to march 1200+ miles west, During this excruciating journey, they were not given food water or supplies. Over five thousand died from starvation, malnutrition and several flue epidemics including Whooping Cough, Typhus, Dysentery and Cholera. This journey was known as the Trail of Tears, and twenty-five per cent of these tribes died. Despite relocating the Native Americans and seizing land, the US still possessed presenting feelings towards natives. In the 1850s California Gold Rush natives were still being persecuted against and then enslaved. Should they not comply with treaties colonists would â€Å"make war..which must of necessity be one of extermination to many of the tribes.† stated by Californian Governor John McDougal in 1851 (Natives). A prime example of Native enslavement was exhibited on John Sutter’s private mill, where gold was discovered. Sutter was one of the most influential landowners at the time, enslaving hundred of natives who resided on his property and controlling them with fear. The Natives were used for labour and as a makeshift militia to protect Sutter’s 50,000 acres and trading centre. Sutter treated the native people horrendously. He was friendly at first but began to interfere with tribe customs and marriages. A former employee, Heinrich Lienhard accused Sutter of forming a Harlem and molesting young native girls. HIs method of control was fear. He was not hesitant to whip or kill noncompliant natives. Visitors noted â€Å"Sutter keeps 600-800 Indians in a complete stage of slavery†, feeding them leftover bread wheat from troughs while they slept in locked rooms without furniture. (Jeffery). The use of Native labour during the gold rush was common, even more so was the sale of indigenous people between farmers. You read "The United States Hypocrisy" in category "Papers" Enslavement was a popular form of oppression during the gold rush, but it was not the only ordeal Native Americans faced. One particularly revolting act was Californian Governor John B Wells rendering funding for the Eel River Rangers. The Eel River Rangers was a group of twenty or so white men who hunted down and slaughtered Indigenous women and children. (Natives )The State government of California provided finances needed to take the lives of innocent women and children. Of course when discussing homicidal acts perpetrated by the United States one cannot forget the Indian Wars. The Indian Wars were U.S army campaigns that targeted smaller groups of tribes to send a message to the rest of the population. The U.S army intentionally slaughtered hundreds of Natives on three separate occasions. The first massacre occurred near Preston, ID in 1863. Named the Bear River massacre an estimated 384 Shoshone Indians were open fired on. The second massacre occurred January 28th,1870. Two hundred natives, mostly women and children, were murdered. The issue pertaining to their deaths was the altercation between Malcolm Clarke and Owl child when Clarke accused Owl Child of stealing his horses and whipping him brutally as a punishment. After the whipping, Owl Child gathered several allies and they murdered Clarke, fleeing afterwards. This issue led to a massive outcry and the federal government appointed Major Eugene Baker to retaliate. When looking for Owl Child and his allies, baker and his men came across a band of peaceful Indians. The band consisted of women, children and elderly men. When informed this was the wrong tribe Baker replied: â€Å"That makes no difference, one band or another, they are all Piegans (Blackfeet) and we will attack them.† On that day 37 men, 90 women and 50 defensless children were open fired on. Additionally, Baker captured 140 woman and children as prisoners. But when finding that the majority were infected with smallpox he abandoned them with no food or other supplies (Olster). Baker was clearly more focused on seeking revenge than bringing justice to the guilty. He was not concerned with what was right or wrong. He deliberately massacred defenceless people, knowing their innocence, because he despised natives. This genocidal mentality proceeded by Owl Child’s cries resulted in their demise. As revolting as Baker’s actions were, they were still considered mediocre to the Wounded Knee Massacre. On December 15, 1890, colonists attempted to arrest Cheif Sitting-Bull. A fight erupted and Cheif Spotted elk led the band of natives to the Pine Ridge Reservation. On December 28th natives encountered a US cavalry that escorted them to Wounded Knee Creek. After being disarmed the natives commenced a â€Å"Ghost Dance†, a ceremonial dance that they believed would protect them from the American’s bullets. This agitated the US cavalry. Attempting to stop the natives resulted in a scuffle in which more than 60 women were killed. US cavalry suffered casualties of 31 dead, 333 wounded out of 500. (Olser). These massacres were messages to the larger population. Attempts to disrupt and destroy smaller members of a nation to cripple or at least communicate the homicidal intentions that would be met with further resistance or retaliation. The massacres exhibited the immense hatred the colonists possessed by slaughtering innocents as reparations for the guilty. In all cases, natives were disarmed, defenceless and completely innocent of violence against colonists. By attacking communities instead of armies the US army demonstrated intentions of destroying basic foundations fo life within the nation. When examining Native American oppression and the US government it is crucial to note the direct action US Congress took against the indigenous people. In this case, the United States established Native Americans on conditions precalculated to result in their deaths. On November 29th,1864 Cheif Black Kettle and Cheif Niwot led their band to Fort Lyon in compliance with provisions of a peace treaty established earlier that year in September. The Chiefs and their people were asked to relocate with the threat of their safety. To demonstrate friendliness to any Americans they may encounter the Natives hung a large American flag and a smaller white flag beneath it. John Chivington led the attack against the natives. Claiming â€Å"They were of the same tribes with those who had murdered many persons and destroyed valuable property on the Platt and Arkansas Rivers.† (Olster). Estimated casualties in this massacre vary, Chivington claimed â€Å"500 -600 warriors were killed.† But John S.Smith, an eyewitness general under Chivington’s command estimates 135 deaths, 105 being woman and children. Smith also accounted for the scalping of women and infants and further mutilation fo the deceased. The Cheyennes lost many women and children. Chiefs White Antelope, Yellow Wolf, Big Man, and a number of others, many who advocated for peace with the colonists, were killed. Chivington had no legitimate reason to believe these natives a threat. They had flown an Amercian Flag and the universal flag for peace yet he still chose to slaughter them. his actions expose the premeditated murder of these people. Chivington had no intention of letting the natives escape, these conditions resulted in the inevitable deaths of innocent indigenous people. From scalping women and infants to completely abolishing their millage and even murdering Smith’s â€Å"Hald breed † son Jack, Chivington displayed no compassion. Instead, he demonstrated brute force and barbarism towards natives. Unfortunately, the Sand Creek massacre wasn’t the finale occurrence of premeditated lethal conditions. On September 28th,1862 the American Government tried 392 Idginieos prisoners, sentencing 303 to death and giving 16 prison terms. Because this trial was a military trial President Lincoln reviewed the commissioner’s findings and found that 303 deaths seemed to genocidal. So he revised the criteria for the death penalty to those who had been convicted of rape, which lowered it to two. This number was still unsatisfactory so the criteria changed to those who had participated in the civilian massacres. December 26th, 1862 39 natives were sentenced to death. 38 were hanged and one was given a reprieve at the last minute. What makes this event so heinous was the conditions in which the trial was executed. The trial was conducted in English, the natives were unrepresented and unfamiliar with court proceedings. Also, the war that prompted these â€Å"war crimes† occurred in a sovereign state and those men who have surrendered were entitled to treatment of such. The disadvantages of the hearing completely abolished any chance of the natives having a fair trial and the possibility of them being found innocent. By placing them in that biased, tainted courtroom the American Government sealed their fate with no chance to defend themselves. The reason for the war? Two years prior to the trial the US failed to meet treaty obligations. In retaliation, Dakota warriors raided stole food and killed five settlers. After the sentencing and executions, it was found that two natives had been hung by mistake and a letter written by Cheif Wabasha stated the Americans had promised no innocent natives would be punished if they followed the advice of General Sibley (Trials). The Us clearly deceived the Natives, placing them in a premeditated, biased courtroom with less than fair trial conditions that would ultimately result in their deaths. In 1887, the American Government passed the Dawes Act. A policy that aimed to â€Å"safely guide natives from the night of barbarism to the fair dawn of Christian civilization.† Assimilation consisted of natives converting to Christianity, learning and speaking English, wearing western clothes and hairstyles, and living a typical American lifestyle. The act also stated that Indian Reservations were to be distributed to individuals and that land could not be sold for 25 years, land left over from distribution could be sold to outsiders. This allowed native land to be purchased by Americans as if Americans didn’t have enough already. And it doesn’t stop there. In 1930 the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could disperse native land without Indian consent. And in 1924 The Citizenship act was passed. This Act granted citizenship to all Native Americans. Unfortunately, the desired effects were not seen as natives were forced to send their children to boarding schools for their education. In these schools children are often taught false information and censorship reigns supreme. Other nasty consequences of this act were the denial of rights to vote and extreme poverty. Most Indigenous people residing in inadequate housing with limited healthcare. While the United States failed in completely exterminating all Native Americans, no one can deny they had the mentality to do so. And this mentality, combined with artillery support led to the demise of hundreds of Natives. But even the slaughter of their people wants enough. Not only did we take their lives and their land, but we also stole their culture. Demanding them to replace their customs with our own or face death and discrimination. The United States failed in physical genocide but was successful in the demise of a cultural genocide. How to cite The United States Hypocrisy, Papers

Business Ethics Migration and Development

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Migration and Development. Answer: Introduction: There has been increasing global concern with patterns of labour exploitation in the seafood industry. The customers are not only worried about fish and oceans; they also want to ensure that the seafood products they devour are not contaminated by slavery-like practices on vessels and in dispensation plants. The increasing attention to ethics and human rights in the seafood industry illustrates a purpose to uphold the rights of the fishers. A Seafood Ethics Common Language is mostly created by Seafish, shortly after media articles of the UK had documented serious violations of labour in Seafood production (Skeldon et al. 2014). Another major ethical issue is that it has been found that young fish prefer small particles of plastic as their natural sources of food. This is mostly because; they are effectually starved before they can reproduce. Small particles of plastics have been found in fish, seabirds as well as whales as they swallow the particles however; are not able to digest th em. This in turn leads to build-up in their digestive tracts. The key ethical issue is related to health and safety as micro plastics in seafood is leading to increasing threat to health of human beings. Global production of plastic rose severely in present years. Between the year 2004 and 2014, the quantity of plastic manufactured increased by 38 percent. Most of the scientists fear that the chemicals in plastics are likely to cause poisoning as well as infertility. The presence of micro plastic in food items is likely to potentially raise direct exposure of plastic-associated chemicals to human beings that may present an attributable danger to human health (Edelman, Mandle and Kudzma 2013). People could evenbeanimate in plasticmicro particlespendant in the air, with the danger of aharmful effect on the lungs identical tocar fumes. One of the laboratory tests has reported that the chemicals are associated with micro plastics concentrates in the tissues of marine animals. It appears that fish stuffs them on public that is coated in bacteria and algae that mimicks their natural sources of food. A working group was organized by ISU, that involved exposure of plastic waste in the ocean. The plastic waste were found by different companies such as Pepsi, Coca Cola as well as Dell and Marks and Spencer who found the plastic bottles of their own products. Compare and Contrast different ethics The utilitarian approach is considered as the most familiar and easiest approach as it can be understood easily. A utilitarian approach to morality indicates that no moral act is essentially correct or incorrect. In order to investigate the ethical issue related to health and safety by making the use of use of utilitarian approach, it is required to identify several courses of action that are available. With the help of this approach, it becomes easier to identify who affected by every action and what benefits and costs they derive. It helps to select that action that provides the greatest advantage and least harm (Conway and Gawronski 2013). The ethical action is the one that provides the largest good for the largest number. It concentrates on the results that policies and approaches have on the welfare of all individuals that are rationally predicted to be directly or indirectly influenced by the action or policy. The principle illustrates that out of any two actions, the most ethi cal one will lead to largest balance of benefits over harms. With the help of this approach, the government will also consider a refundable deposit on plastic bottles. The supermarkets will also stop the sale of plastic-eating fish so that the life of the individuals can save. Although, they will not be able to make much profit but this approach deals with the happiness of others beside their own happiness (Boutilier et al. 2015). On the other hand, deontological ethics deals with the normative ethical position that judges the morality of a movement on basis of rules. This ethical approach helps to bind individuals to their duty. As a result, Gesamp that comprises of a combined group of experts on the scientific aspects of marine requires to bind to their duties by finding out several ways that will help to get rid of the plastics found in seafood. Similarly, the European Food Safety Authority should also augment their concern for human health and safety. The theories that are invented by Kant are also considered deontological. Kant argues that individuals must act from duty in order to act in a morally correct way. It has also been argued by Kant that the motives of the human beings help to perform the actions rather than the results of acts that make them correct or incorrect (Chakrabarty and Bass 2015). The libertarian approach holds that the general moral concepts are human rights of individuals. These mostly fall under the heading of rights to life as well as to property. The only restriction under this approach is that it is the duty of every individual to respect similar rights that they are enjoying at present. However, under the libertarian approach all the positive rights are rejected. This is mostly because; they do not believe that in individuals who are in need have any right to aid until they have made contractual arrangements in advance for the aid (Block, Futerman and Farber 2016). As a result, the human beings who are exposed to micro plastics will not have the right to aid bas well as powerful defence. It also states that the lawful rights of the inhabitants should be derived from the basic non-interference rights of residents. As stated by a Belgian study, an individual requires to consume well over 10,000 mussels each year in order to reach the amount of plastics. A ccording to the study, there is no proof of harm to individuals from those quantities. It is argued that contamination is extensive as well as a cause of concern. At present, the level of exposure to human beings is high at workplace or home through food or drink (Rochman et al. 2015). Virtue ethics is one of the three key strategies in normative ethics. It may, primarily be recognized as the one that highlights the qualities or ethical character; in disparity to the approach that highlights responsibilities or rules. The major form of virtue ethics is eudaemonist virtue ethics that describes virtue in terms of happiness. It is a moralized concept of happiness that can help to solve the decisive problem (Pozgar 2014). It has also been stated that plastic is not the enemy however; it is extremely helpful, not least in diminishing food waste. Ethical Perspective Seafish has adopted an incorporated strategy that helps to recognize as well as address risk with a clear procedure to recognize the risk itself. There are several tools for sourcing ethical seafood. It acts as a one-stop-shop those suggest individuals to several online resources as well as initiatives that supports socially responsible business practices. There are various sources of information that are obtainable on ethical apprehension in the seafood supply chain. These involve identification issues through global standards as well as on the initiatives of the ground that works to address those issues. The Ethical Seafood Sourcing Tool aims to understand social responsibility and how to address the issues related to plastics found in the seafood (Modica et al. 2016). An overview of the issues is illustrated that are faced by the seafood sector and also why it is imperative for the seafood business to address those issues. Another major ethical perspective that is undertaken invol ves The Responsible Fishing Scheme that helps to increase standards in the seafood catching sector mostly falls under the utilitarian approach that assesses a movement in terms of its results or outcomes. This in turn enables the seafood sector to demonstrate their commitment to the responsible sourcing of seafood. The RFS is the only global standard that audits compliance on board fishing vessels, including ethical and welfare criteria. The RFS is open to all kinds of fishing vessels as well as fisheries that helps fisherman to illustrate best practices through third-party auditing. However, at present the RFS does not have the aptitude to audit or police any legal authority (Johns 2013). Risk Assessment for Sourcing Seafood also acts as the solution to the problem. RASS presents advanced information on the probable reputational risks of sourcing a sort of seafood in a clear and structured format. The major aim of RASS is to support commercial purchasers of seafood by presenting advance d information on a widespread range of fisheries. It provides guide to the tool and proposed expansion of Aquaculture profiles and expansion of Wild Fishery profiles in order to integrate aspects related to social responsibility (Caveen et al. 2017). Reflection The materials that are provided by lecturers helps to gain a brief understanding about the subject that we are dealing with. When we are studying at University, a total amount of information that is delivered to us can be intimidating as well as confusing. We may even think that we require to copy about everything that we hear or interpret. There should be a purpose while taking effective notes and it should be well organized. The material that was provided by the lecturer in the weekly one hour lecture, outlined about the basic lecture and written source note taking ability. These notes helped me to extend my span of attention and it highlighted about the recognizing several sorts of ethical values, while going through the case study. It helped me to avoid writing out a comprehensive lecture script. In other words, a lecture script takes too much time to prepare that prevents from maintaining eye-contact with the lecturers (Morris 2016). As a result, the ability to remain impulsive gets hindered. The lecture notes were presented in ten to fifteen minute blocks. This helped to recapture my interest about the topic. I was also engaged with brainstorming session that helped to get a good understanding about the case study. With the help of two-hour workshop presentation, I was able to design a set of activities that helped to promote learning as well as discussion about ethical approaches. With the help of the lecture notes, I felt flexible while following the notes. The lecturer first observed about the level of interest of the students that eradicated the confusion to determine about the topic. The case study was also discussed by providing an in-depth feedback based on other students. The lecturer also made the notes by interacting with us rather than by interacting with the lecture notes. Delivery reminders were also included that included wide margins that helped to add notes about audio-video aids by asking questions to the students. The overview about the topics was provided before starting every class. This helped to facilitate us to take more notes and link present material to previously-learned content and future lectures. I was very explicit about connecting one topic to the next that helped me increase knowledge about why and how to study several ethical approaches. The day before developing arguments for this assignment, we also had to make the use of email. References Block, Walter E., Alan G. Futerman, and Rafi Farber. "The Legal Status of the State of Israel: A Libertarian Approach."Indon. J. Int'l Comp. L.3 (2016): 435. Boutilier, Craig, Ioannis Caragiannis, Simi Haber, Tyler Lu, Ariel D. Procaccia, and Or Sheffet. "Optimal social choice functions: A utilitarian view."Artificial Intelligence227 (2015): 190-213. Caveen, A. J., W. Lart, H. Duggan, and T. Pickerell. "The Risk Assessment for Sourcing Seafood (RASS): Empowering businesses to buy responsibly."Marine Policy75 (2017): 1-10. Chakrabarty, Subrata, and A. Erin Bass. "Comparing virtue, consequentialist, and deontological ethics-based corporate social responsibility: Mitigating microfinance risk in institutional voids."Journal of Business Ethics126, no. 3 (2015): 487-512. Conway, Paul, and Bertram Gawronski. "Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: a process dissociation approach."Journal of personality and social psychology104, no. 2 (2013): 216. Edelman, Carole Lium, Carol Lynn Mandle, and Elizabeth C. Kudzma.Health promotion throughout the life span. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013. Johns, Murray. "Enhancing responsible fishing practices in South East Asia to combat Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing."Australian Journal of Maritime Ocean Affairs5, no. 3 (2013): 112-119. Modica, Larissa, Pilar Crdoba, Cristina Rodrguez-Cabello, Francisco Snchez, and Francisco Velasco. "A new approach to species distributional indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD)."Ecological Indicators67 (2016): 21-30. Morris, R. J. "Lecture notes for LLAW6022 Advanced (Legal) Research Methology." (2016). Pozgar, George D.Legal and ethical issues for health professionals. Jones Bartlett Publishers, 2014. Rochman, Chelsea M., Akbar Tahir, Susan L. Williams, Dolores V. Baxa, Rosalyn Lam, Jeffrey T. Miller, Foo-Ching Teh, Shinta Werorilangi, and Swee J. Teh. "Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption."Scientific reports5 (2015). Skeldon, Ronald.Migration and development: A global perspective. Routledge, 2014.

Yes and No an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Yes and No Has the practice of politics, as discussed in Hardball, moved our government too far from the framers' original intent of the Constitution as discussed in A Brilliant Solution? Need essay sample on "Yes and No" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed My answer: Yes and no. No, because I think A Brilliant Solution narrates how the large or macro structures of the American government and of American politics came historically into being. In the process, it painted a warts-and-all picture of the delegates of the 1787 Constitutional Convention, as well as of the deliberations they undertook to craft the American Constitution. (I don't think the question is about how the framers of the Constitution acted or worked and how this is similar to or different from how politicians, big and small, at present act or work. I think it is about the actual legacy of the delegates, about what they have left us with.) Hardball, on the other hand, presents and discusses what are usually called "rules to live by" in American politics. If A Brilliant Solution presents the origin of the macro-structures of American government and politics, Hardball shows the their actual micro workings - how, within or beneath the macro-structures, people transact with each other and make the system move (and I say "move" because "work" may be quite contentious). Of course, Hardball shows that, at best, government and politics are for the strong-willed and that they are, at worst, brutish and nasty. So I answer "No" because the two books discuss two different levels - the one macro (A Brilliant Solution), the other micro (Hardball) - at which the American government and American politics operate. If we think in terms of reason or morality, we may argue for example that accepting favors (Hardball) is incompatible with the existence of electoral colleges in the country (A Brilliant Solution). If we think in terms of what actually exists, however, we can say that the system that created the electoral colleges is also the system that has made it possible for the giving and taking of favors among politicians to become an everyday reality. The American Constitution laid down structures and principles that are too general to concretely do away with the everyday reality of hard politics which Hardball exposes. The framers of the Constitution may have good intentions when they thought of strengthening checks and balances between the branches of government. Their good intentions, however, did not and cannot possibly ward off, say, dirty propaganda tactics during elections, or the practice of keeping one's enemies at the front, or politicians' habit of understanding events in way that is most advantageous to them. On the other hand, I say "Yes." Why? Yes, because the intentions of the framers of the American Constitution have been so overtaken by historical events to a point that one can only say that the practice of politics described in Hardball has moved our government too far from the original intent of the framers of the Constitution as discussed in A Brilliant Solution. Cornell West (2004), for example, describes "three dominating antidemocratic dogmas" that for him threaten American democracy: first is "free-market fundamentalism [that] posits the unregulated and unfettered market as idol and fetish" (3), second is "aggressive militarism, of which the new policy of preemptive strike against potential enemies is but an extension" (5), and third is "escalating authoritarianism" (6). Speaking of the US and other wealthy and poweful countries, Samir Amin (2003) says that "The democracy and people's rights that the G-7 powers invoke to justify their interventions are only political means for them to manage the crisis of the contemporary world, complementing in this respect the economic means of neoliberal management. The democracy of which they speak is only incidental, their cynical talk of 'good governance' wholly subject to the strategic priorities of the USA/Triad" (115). Noam Chomsky (2003) chronicles how the US government has supported economic, political and military inequality not only within its borders but in the entire world. The three authors speak of a reality that has overtaken - in ways that are too many to enumerate - the intent of the framers of the American Constitution. REFERENCES: Amin, Samir. Obsolescent Capitalism: Contemporary Politics and Global Disorder. Translated by Patrick Camiller. New York: Zed Books. Berkin, Carol (2002) A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution. New York: Harcourt. Chomsky, Noam (2003) Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance. New York: Metropolitan Books. Matthews, Chris (1988) Hardball: How Politics is Played Told by One Who Knows the Game. New York: Harper Collins. West, Cornel (2004) Democracy Matters: Winning the Fight Against Imperialism. New York: The Penguin Press.

Free Essays on Reading In The 21st Century

Reading in the twenty-first century has taken a backseat to the many distractions in life. There are many distractions in modern life including work, friends, responsibilities, school, worries, technology, children, parents, boyfriends and girlfriends, cell phones, computers, and cell phones. With this long list of distractions, it is amazing that reading is still a viable source of information and entertainment. Americans, on the average, do not have time for reading in part because of work. If a person works forty hours a week, trying to pay the bills, they are not going to be able to spare the time to read a book. That is a sad fact, considering that reading could help them escape the grind of a routine that consists of eating, sleeping, and working. In addition, friends get in the way of a potential readers’ reading. If a friend asks them to go do something with them, they feel an obligation to their friend causing them to lose the opportunity to read. On the other hand, I do not condone trading friends for books. Friends are a valuable resource, and they help you gain an understanding of life just as books do. Another factor in the decline of reading is the rising number of responsibilities to which the American people commit themselves. The sheer number of activities they attend makes it nearly impossible to make time for reading even if they had the desire to read. Unfortunately, that desire is not commonplace in American society. In fact, their peers beat it out of them. Their peers label readers with names like dork and bookworm. The American public views it as a social anathema. With pressure like this, it is very hard for a person to enjoy reading. School also adds to readings reputation as an abnormal occupation. The schools require reading from a young age and this forced reading sparks the natural rebellion within all people. Therefore, the people form an association with reading that is negative in natu... Free Essays on Reading In The 21st Century Free Essays on Reading In The 21st Century Reading in the twenty-first century has taken a backseat to the many distractions in life. There are many distractions in modern life including work, friends, responsibilities, school, worries, technology, children, parents, boyfriends and girlfriends, cell phones, computers, and cell phones. With this long list of distractions, it is amazing that reading is still a viable source of information and entertainment. Americans, on the average, do not have time for reading in part because of work. If a person works forty hours a week, trying to pay the bills, they are not going to be able to spare the time to read a book. That is a sad fact, considering that reading could help them escape the grind of a routine that consists of eating, sleeping, and working. In addition, friends get in the way of a potential readers’ reading. If a friend asks them to go do something with them, they feel an obligation to their friend causing them to lose the opportunity to read. On the other hand, I do not condone trading friends for books. Friends are a valuable resource, and they help you gain an understanding of life just as books do. Another factor in the decline of reading is the rising number of responsibilities to which the American people commit themselves. The sheer number of activities they attend makes it nearly impossible to make time for reading even if they had the desire to read. Unfortunately, that desire is not commonplace in American society. In fact, their peers beat it out of them. Their peers label readers with names like dork and bookworm. The American public views it as a social anathema. With pressure like this, it is very hard for a person to enjoy reading. School also adds to readings reputation as an abnormal occupation. The schools require reading from a young age and this forced reading sparks the natural rebellion within all people. Therefore, the people form an association with reading that is negative in natu...

Nuisance and Tresspass Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuisance and Tresspass Law - Essay Example What is important in the determination of private nuisance is the element of infringing the right of enjoyment of property. In nuisance, the interference must be indirect and may result into damages. Some of the nuisance cause here include dust, noise, lose of sleep, destruction of rose and interference with having rest in the family’s garden. Where nuisance has resulted into damages, proof will be easier for the plaintiff (Gearty, 1989). David’s quiet right of enjoyment of his property has been infringed by Advise Harrington & Nephew Ltd. In lodging a case against the company, David will have the obligation f proving that there was unreasonable interference in the enjoyment f his rights on his land. Because the land existing was bought by David and David occupied the same piece of land, he has the right to claim that the actions of the company interfered with his rights on the land. For private nuisance to be acceptable there must be an element of continuity (Pollock, n.d). A onetime interference with a neighbour does not constitute a nuisance. In this case, the company continued with their operation even during the night making their actions unreasonable. The noise from the company made David and his family fail to sleep at night. The court’s decision will therefore be similar to that of De Keyser’s Royal Hotel Ltd. v Spicer Brothers Ltd. ... Moreover, the nature of the neighbourhood will be relevant when coming up with the verdict. In this case, it is David who bought the land next to the company. However, this argument will be impotent in this case because of the nature of damage. Location is only considered to the limit of enjoyment of occupation and not injury to property (Darbyshire, 2010). Because the Rose that was a gift during the family’s wedding die, the nuisance caused injury to property. The chemical emissions from the company further damaged, Wally’s car that was parked outside the house. The case of Esson provides a precedent of the same. In addition, David was not an abnormal claimant as the noise, dust or smell would affect the enjoyment of rights of any normal person. The claimant would therefore succeed in this respect and the court could move ahead to issue an injunction. This will therefore not be relevant n this case. Defendant’s lack of care Harrington & Nephew Ltd failed to care about their neighbours during the production period. The company ought to have taken measures to reduce the impact of dust, noise and chemicals to their neighbours. In a similar case of Andrae V Selfridge (1938) the claimant who was a hotel owner recovered damage from the defendant who caused unnecessary noise and damage during demolition. Harrington & Nephew ltd could claim the following to reduce their liability for nuisance to David. Consent; the defendant can claim that the consent claimant was granted before the commission of the tortuous action. In this case, David’s consent was not sought making this defence irrelevant. Secondly, the defendant can claim that the action being complained about

Kant's Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kant's Ethics - Essay Example Kant rebuffed the notion that anything as uninformed and incidental as empirical ends, no issue how sound intended, could protected the meticulous demands of ethics. He persisted that ethical demands are obligatory -- not only essentially and unanimously, but unreservedly. Ethical demands are articulated in categorical, not hypothetical, essentials. Ethical demands be obliged to be based on rationally obligatory prescribed principles, not contingent material rules. The main point of Kant's argument has been to offer a quick contrast with the categorical imperative. Categorical imperatives do not bid us will the means to an end, and so are not conditioned by will for an end already presupposed: this is why they are unconditioned, unqualified, and categorical. According to categorical imperative each rational instrument ought to will thus and thus. Therefore the clarification given of imaginary imperatives can in no way relate to it. The very notion of a categorical imperative might appear extraordinary were one not familiar with the apparently unconditioned asserts of morality. (Hoose, 1998) Kant, though, persists that one can in no way institute the categorical imperative by a request to experience.

Cross-cultural practicum journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross-cultural practicum journal - Essay Example Hardly did I know that the experience would be very enlightening. In fact, I do not remember attending any event in my life that was humbling, educating and enjoyable all at the same time. Volunteering at the shoe store and assisting children to choose and fit shoes helped me learn a few things about community service. To start with, I realized that serving others is emotionally fulfilling and rewarding. Watching the happy children try different shoes was the best part of the experience. I enjoyed watching them jump up and down shouting at the topmost of their voices when they got their favorite shoe that fit perfectly. Some Bible verses that discuss service to others became clearer during the experience. For example, Paul talks about talks about being good to all people (The Holy Bible: King James Version, Gal. 6:10). One of the fruits of the Holy Spirit is goodness (Gal. 5:22). In as much as the store owners were not paying me for volunteering my services, the experience was nonetheless rewarding. Those who give receive even more than they have given (Luke 6:38). This verse is very true because every day I went back home feeling like a new person. Besides, God also loves a cheerful giver (2nd Cor. 9:7). Working with children also made me look at a few Bible verses from a different perspective. In the Bible, several verses quote that, salvation is for children. Jesus Christ states that the kingdom of Heaven belongs to the children (Mat. 19:16). The kids in the store were all innocent, smiled all the time, talked to everyone with no reservations. One child even invited me to their place to play with her toys. I compared them to adults who are always complaining to God about this and about that it. It is hard to make a child smile. That made me understand why the Bible says that the kingdom of heaven belongs to children. Working at Edmond required an individual with

Analyse The Environment Effect Of Events

Analyse The Environment Effect Of Events The purpose of this essay is to let the reader know that there are some factors that affect environment around and far away from the location of an event, and also assess any challenge that may happened when dealing with this environment problem in the event management industry. The scope of this essay is limited and not focusing on one certain event only, but only talk about some kind of events generally without discuss those events deeply. The analysis is conducted by getting the example of some events and analyzes why those kinds of events may help or even damage the environment. While on assessing the challenge, this essay finds the challenge and comment the value of them. The most important and significant findings is when the effects of an event to the environment may caused pollution by direct and indirect ways. However there is finding about the good side of an event to its environment. And some challenge for this issue is about how to solve, educate, and maintain the process in order to get this environment issue fulfilled. Introduction First of all we must know the definition of event itself. Based on Allen, OToole, Harris Mcdonnell (2005) state that event is certain ceremony, act, presentation or tribute that are intentionally designed, programmed and created to held certain occasions or else get any benefit in cultural, social, and the goal of business. We can see the different types of events such as sport events, festivals, carnivals, parades, market, trade shows, until just a meeting( Arcodia, 2009). And based on the size we can see from just local communities with local people as audiences to mega-events in which the audience is from around the world (Allen, OToole, Harris Mcdonnell, 2005. In this essay I explore the answer for issues that will be discussed. The scope of this essay is about issues in the effect that an event can be caused, either in social, economic, and also environment. Not only the affects it selves but also this essay cover the topics in assessing the challenges that may occurs to environment management industry. I focus on identifying environments factors that effecting events by offering analysis to it. Also in this essay I set the limit about the kind of events into just festival, cultural events, and social events, so the prospects of the person who reads are limited and as a result this met their expectation since that this essay only talked about something in wide scope ,not in detail. When we talk about environment effects of an event, we cannot be far from pollution. Pollution is the biggest issue ever that every government must face in order to protect their environment. Based on curry and Moutinho (1992) that said the relationship between tourism and environment is a symbiotic relationship in sense that conservational area, wild life, and preservation of sites and monuments of historical interest often a response to tourism demand but have the effect of stimulating and maintaining the flow of visitors to that region, government cares about the environment because they can get profit from tourism sector. So that in defining any effects in this essay, I divide the effects into two parts. The first is the negative effect of an event to the environment, and the next one is the positive effect of an event to the environment. Then based on those negative effects I will divide it into two parts as well. The direct negative effect of an event to environment and also th e indirect negative effect of an event are that parts. After that there are some challenges about environment caused by effect of events in event management industry. 432 words Body Firstly we will talk about the negative effects of an event to the environment. Just like I stated in the introduction, this negative effects are divided into two categories, the direct negative effects and indirect negative effects as well. The meaning of negative is already known, it can be something bad, terrible, not proper and many more, but the meaning of direct negatives effect in this essay is about any bad effects that may occurred as the straight result of an event to its environment that come from the waste and material procession of the event itself. Then I will identify some certain events that give direct negative effect to the environment and analyze why that events may cause those damage. The first event is Taiwan lantern festival which held every year when about thousands of Taiwanese light balloon of lantern that made from oil-soaked in folded paper and then put it in high pole. This caused the debris from that lantern to litter the environment and one day this set a fire near Taiwan International Airport, thus create huge amount of cloud and later on many flight is cancelled temporarily. Those smokes may contain carcinogenic chemicals and also benzene that are harmful for peoples health and also becomes pollutant that may damage environment (Adam, 2008). Similar with lantern festival is Floating Lantern Festival in Chiang may where the usage of old style natural material made from banana trunk with the leaves stick in the trunk is replaced by Styrofoam that resulting in the river banks, ponds, and parks being littered and obstructed. This lead to broken environment since the cleaning up progress may consume more time. (Jonal, 2009). The next event is Diwali festival that held in India that consist with bursting crackers. This event may pollute air since the crackers may release toxic gases. The third example is about Bourgas festival in Bulgaria. In that festival, people build seven stages and then makes tent in sea garden park which resultin g everlasting and significant effects to its animals and plants. The result is becoming worse every year. This damage to environment mainly caused by that construction, mass amount of people with tents, and the poor of storage bin with poor restroom facilities as well (Illiev, 2009). The last example of direct effect to environment is the Ganesh Festival in Western India. In this festival, big doll is created using plaster of paris and noxious metals which are destructive substance and then coated with paints that may contains cadmium, mercury, and carbon. All of this doll is put into water that resulting in the decrease of oxygen level in the water which later on may lead to dangerous health for human who eat any fish that contaminated in that water. This festival is clearly polluted the water with the ecosystem within it (Nita, 2007). However, pollution is not restricted only to material pollution but, Poorly designed hotels and other tourist facility buildings, and inadequate or inappropriate landscaping, create visual pollution in an area, ( Kaur Batra, 1996) Now we go to the indirect negative effect of an event to its environment. The meaning of this indirect effect is any consequence from the performance of an event that resulting in the damage of environment by people activity that they did in order to be able to participate in that event. People do everything they could to participate in any certain festivals, sport events, and more events or they just become spectators in that event. By doing that thing, realized or not they have been participating in the destruction of environment. People dont realize when they littering in the area where the events was held. It is still okay if government or official clean up the mess, but the problem occurred when the mess is not quickly being cleaned as it may pollute the environment. They even dont realize that when they go to an event, they use vehicle such as cars, planes, and even ships which all of them is participate in polluting any land, water, and air. The bigger a festival is, the more people will come all around the world. For instance is Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts which is the biggest music festival in the world. Many arts performed there such as music, arts, cabaret, and dance (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 2009). Being the biggest in the world, we can imagine how many people from different contingents in this world travel only to England where the event took place. Most people must be use planes, ships, and even cars. In Vietnam, many different countries in Europe, U.S., and Asia are participating Hue cultural festival that have tourism, buy and sell and investment fair that participated by qualified local and foreign business (Viet Nga Tourism, 2008). With so many foreign countries participate in, we can assume that more different region of people will come to Vietnam. The other events that contain many different countries are when 15 countries attend Asian-African Children Art and Culture Festival in Jakarta, Indonesia. Even the commit tee expected up to 25 countries will bring their delegation to attend arts performance, games, and storytelling (Zhao, 2009). Of course it is not as big as Glastonbury festival that may attended by million people or more, but this events still makes people around the world go by plane that participated in air pollution that damage the environment. At this moment I will analyze why cars, planes, and ships that all of them are used by people to attend any events is damaging the environment. Pollution from car is the most pollution that people committed. Any emission from car is give bad effect to the driver and people around that car. Climate change is the responsibility of car as well since the engines create greenhouse gas accumulation. The change in climate may produce extreme weather that lead to failure in production of plant fields (Environmed Research, Inc., 2009). Global climate change also worsen by plane that some people belief that it produce more main greenhouse gas than c ars each time since it produce carbon dioxide more in average. Annual global warming as big as Africa Island was also produced by planes (Kirby,2000). And finally is the ship pollution that worsens the environment condition. It makes noise that bother natural world, its ballast tank destroy algae and animals while sometimes it produce illegal waste to the sea. Its sulphur oxide makes acid rain that later on damage crops and when its inhaled by people lead to heart attack. Moreover Cruise ship that people tend use to held some events like festival, concert abroad it or just as a transportation facility to attend any event in different island. Cruise ship produce solid sewage ,oily bilge, and of course air pollutants (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 2009). When we talk about positive effect of an event to its environment, we talk about any good thing that may help and prevent the environment from damage. The first example is about Tzu Chi bazaar of food held in Medan, Indonesia. This bazaars profit will be allocated to the development of any ruin building caused by earthquake in Padang. Moreover in this bazaar that sold vegetarian food, and environment friendly tools, people must bring their own recycle bag because in this bazaar forbid any plastic bag that might damage the environment (Redaksi Web, 2009). Other positive event is Plant for the Planet: Billion Tree Campaign which backed by Kenyan environmentalist, Prince of Monaco, and ICRAF. This campaign rehabilitates million hectares of land by planting billion of trees that will bring back soil and water resources, ecosystem of forest that later on reduce global warming by hold the carbon dioxide level in the air (West,2009). Based on The Nature Conservancy (2009), Nature conservanc y campaign to help protect coral reefs also can be a positive effect for environment. That campaign is just similar with thousand island conservancy event in Indonesia that start everything about Hawksbill Turtle from hatching, rearing, tagging, and releasing that can be joined by general people (Pulau seribu.net, 2008). Then if we want to assess the challenge that provided to this environment issue in event management industry, we must know the challenge itself. The main challenge of course is how to prevent and reduce the pollution that occurs from the celebration of events. Many ways can be done to prevent the pollution, such when held Taiwan Lantern festival, people can use virtual lampoon instead of real fire. People can follow the rule not to littering and leave no trace campaign that they must clean up any mess that occurs because of them. Make substitution for event properties such as doll made from natural friendly material can help protect the environment as well. In order to reduce the car pollution is by buying fuel-efficient cars, use bio-fuel gasoline, and do not drive a car in often time (Environmental Defense Fund, 2009). To reduce plane pollution is by not flying into near distance of destination; go to event close to home and use teleconference technology in spite of use flight for business (Kirby, 2000). And finally in order to reduce and protect the water pollution, any ships are supposed to have good management in recycling or hold the waste, and they must use bio-fuel to reduce air pollution. Urban green tourism can help to reduce the pollution with more natural friendly program. By extension , green could also be read as sustainable or healthy and UGT is then about ecological, cultural, and economic sustenance for the good health of people and their environment(Gibson, Dodds, Joppe Jamieson, 1992). The second challenge to this industry is whose responsibility for the environmental damage this is. This is not only individual attendee, not only government, but it is the responsibility of all parts that make this event happened. So company, government, individual participant and sponsors are sides that have liability to the environment around the event. Education from government and the event committee is needed to make people realize that if they damage th e environment, they will suffer from consequences as well. This education must decrease resistance to care about environment and otherwise they must become enthusiasm with this problem. Next challenge is the speed of action after any suggestion or campaign to reduce pollution caused by an event to be done by people. Whether the speed is slow or fast, it depends on the self-awareness of each person. Accuracy is also important that the campaign can target people with the effective and efficient way, so they tend to protect the environment. The last challenge is about the term where this campaign or education about caring to the environment is being executed. This can be short term where people are tend to keep the education only when this thing is booming, by follow the main stream, or in a long term where people are full of aware in protecting the environment for good. 1821 words Conclusion There are some effects on environment that affected by some particular event. This effect can be measured as negative and positive effect. The negative effects are occurred when the event with its instruments and participants create pollution directly as a trace to an event existence and more over people who attend in certain successful event will give pollution to air, land, and water, by driving, use flight and cruising with ship just to see the entertainment becomes indirect negative effect to environment . The positive effects can be completed if there are environmental friendly festivals, bazaars, and campaign about safety to environment and event to protect ecosystem as well. In this case people should increase the frequency of positive events, and try to reduce activities that may harm the environment. And for assessment of challenges in environment that provide to event management industry is about challenge that we face in this industry. The challenge is about preventing and repair environment from pollution by substituting instruments of events and reduce the usage of any vehicles. Green tourism is one of solution that can reduce the pollution. Then people who have responsibility in the effects of environment become some issue that must be discussed further. Next challenge is about education that must be educated to all people who will attend certain event and then they realize how environment is important for their live. Accuracy and speed are the challenge that objective and measure peoples sequence in realize about this big issue. And finally the term of this campaign to reduce challenge is determine the successful of this movement, the longer of the term is the best object so that environment during the show of an event can be secured. 287 words

Consumer product safety act :: essays research papers fc

Consumer Product Safety Act   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Consumer Product Safety Act states that any company that receives numerous complaints about a products defects must report these claims to the CPSA. According to the CPSA reporting responsibilities belong to manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers of consumer products. Each is required to notify the Commission if it obtains information which reasonably supports the conclusion that a product fails to comply with a consumer product safety standard or banning regulation. Also if the product contains a defect which could create a substantial product hazard, creates an unreasonable risk of serious injury, or death to the consumer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Commission's interpretative regulation explains the company's obligations and those of the Commission.. This requires manufacturers of a consumer product to report to the Commission if a particular model of a consumer product is the subject of three civil actions that have been filed in Federal or State court, each suit alleges the involvement of that model in death or serious injury to the body. Then at least three of the actions will result in a final settlement involving the manufacturer; or in a judgment for the plaintiff within any one of the two year periods specified. The first two year period began to run on January 1, 1991 and ends on December 31, 1992. The second two year period starts on January 1, 1993; the third, on January 1, 1995; and so forth. Manufacturers must file a report within 30 days after the settlement or judgment in the third civil action to which the reporting requirement applies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why is the reporting required? The intent of Congress was to encourage widespread reporting of potential product hazards. Congress sought not only to have the Commission uncover substantial product hazards, but also to identify risks of injury which the Commission could attempt to prevent through its own efforts, such as information and education programs, safety labeling, and adoption of product safety standards. Although CPSC relies on sources other than company reports to identify substantial product hazards, reporting by companies is invaluable because firms often learn of product safety problems long before the Commission does. For this reason, any company involved in the manufacture, importation, distribution or sale of consumer products should develop a system of reviewing and maintaining consumer complaints, inquiries, product liability suits and comments on the products they handle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a firm reports to the Commission it does not necessarily mean there is a substantial product hazard.

Universities should accept equal numbers of male

This wildflower trends in society, in which the world outside education is a fairer one following defeatists movements. In terms of ability, women are Just as capable of allowing any subjects men and should be given the opportunity to do so. In academic terms a mixed calloused be a balanced one. On the other hand, university seats shouldn't be allocated according to gender butchering to other factors Like demand and supply for a particular course or meeting entertainments.Some courses Like teaching have a large number of female applicants helicopters may not be so popular. I think this has to do with personal preferences rather tonsorial conditioning. Perhaps choosing student based on entry requirement may even work infamous of female students who tend to do better at school than their male underpants. I believe the subject a student wishes to follow is a personal choice. Universities should bewailing to accept students on their academic ability and skills and not on their gender. Cl assless to courses should be provided to all applicants.Rather than exclude homogeneously from an important area such as education, they should be motivated undercharged to take part based on their merit. From the evidence of developing countries, the number of students with various subjects in the university Is far higher but the major factor Is equal demand In the field of differentiability. It Is difficult to keep parity of every subject for the administration In university. However, In my view, students both male and female should have entitled to access In versus]etc rather than being an equal number of genders In every subject.It is undoubtedly true universities are now full of crowded in order for the need of transferable subject. Therefore, most of the students often prefer most demanding subject likeliness course, psychology course and so on. In that case, administration assesses adequately of the students, which is good judgment in order to empower equally both male manhan dle. Female or male will be the candidate for a course by the selection procedure. If maintained parity, brighten male or female students may go out of estimate.On the other hand, there are a good number of subjects which are always dominated by tablemates, art and design course and nursing course are the example. If the administration's to fill up these fields by the males but remains vacant at the last. Different subjective sundry demand according to the gender allocation. But every student gets provided same opportunities. In conclusion, I believe that students should not be deferred only by to deprive someone eventide good experience.

Decoding the Six Conflicts in Literature (With Examples)

Decoding the Six Conflicts in Literature (With Examples) Conflict is part of the narrative arc and does much to connect readers to a story or a storys characters. It involves problems or obstacles that arise within a story- both internal (or in a characters mind) and external (caused by other characters or forces). Since all readers are familiar with conflict in their own lives, it helps to deepen engagement with a story or character and provide deeper meaning to the story.While there is some disagreement about how many types of conflict are evident in literature, the most commonly accepted number is six different types. These include: Man vs. Self, Man vs. Man, Man vs. Society, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. Technology, and Man vs. Fate (or the Supernatural.) Its important to point out that in these literary terms, Man insinuates Human, so it isnt limited to the male gender.Man vs. SelfMan vs. Self is the only example of internal conflict youll see in literary works and involves a character experiencing conflict within his or her own mind. Hamle t is probably the most well-known literary character experiencing Man vs. Self conflict throughout much of the famous Shakespearian play. A good example of how Shakespeare uses this conflict for character building are the following lines:To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, tis a consummation Devoutly to be wishd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, theres the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life.HamletMan vs. Self conflict is most often seen when a character faces mixed emotions over his or her actions, or a decision that has to be made/has been made. You can also see this conflict evident when a character is facing mental illness or is unable to forgive himself or herself over past actions.Man vs. ManMan vs. Man is commonly seen in literature and modern storytelling and is a type of external conflict. This conflict will most often play out between a protagonist and his or her antagonist, although it can also appear between friends or acquaintances, as well.A famous example from literature of Man vs. Man conflict is in the opening paragraph of The Cask of Amontillado, a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe.The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul, will not suppose, however, that I gave utterance to a threat. At length I would be avenged; this was a point definitely settled- but the very definitiveness with which it was resolved, precluded the idea of risk. I must not only punish, but punish with impunity. A wron g is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong.The Cask of AmontilladoIn these opening lines, the narrator, Montresor, establishes his conflict with another man named Fortunato. This story also involves internal conflict (Montresor is what is known as an unreliable narrator, and the reader isnt quite sure how much of Montresors claims they can trust).Man vs. SocietyThis type of conflict is often seen in Science Fiction and is an external conflict that involves a protagonist at odds with a ruling body (which could be ones family), or social or cultural norms. For example, if the protagonist is fighting his or her government, or is accused of a crime he or she didnt commit, these would be examples of Man vs. Society as conflict. If a protagonist is going against the grain of what his or her society and people expect, this is also an example of Man vs. Society conflic t.An example of Man vs. Society conflict can be seen in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, in which the main character, Hester Prynne, is shunned by her people, the Puritans, for having a baby with a man who was not her husband (who has been lost at sea). Below is a quote that summarizes this struggle:No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which may be the true.The Scarlet LetterMan vs. NatureIf youve read a story or seen a movie where the main character must face some sort of storm or event that happens as a force of nature (such as an animal attack), youve seen the Man vs. Nature conflict in action. Natural disasters like tornadoes or a character who is lost at sea and trying to find land are examples of this conflict, as well. In these stories, the concept of human survival despite the forces of nature is highlighted and in many cases, youll also find the internal conflict of M an vs. Self playing out simultaneously. A large reason for this is that nature can be significantly more powerful than humanity, so there is much self-doubt and struggle as the protagonist comes to terms with this fact.A great example of the Man vs. Nature conflict from literature is Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea.He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her. Sometimes those who love her say bad things of her but they are always said as though she were a woman. Some of the younger fishermen, those who used buoys as floats for their lines and had motorboats, bought when the shark livers had brought much money, spoke of her as el mar which is masculine.They spoke of her as a contestant or a place or even an enemy. But the old man always thought of her as feminine and as something that gave or withheld great favours, and if she did wild or wicked things it was because she could not help them. The moon affects her as it do es a woman, he thought.The Old Man and the SeaMan vs. TechnologyAnother popular conflict seen in Science Fiction is Man vs. Technology, which is when a protagonist is facing machines or technology (such as mechanical failure or robots) and must prevail against it. In many cases, youll see elements of Man vs. Society conflict happening within these same stories, as the technology is often used to enforce or maintain social and cultural norms.A great example from literature of the Man vs. Technology conflict is Philip K. Dicks Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, a book which inspired the cult hit movie, Blade Runner. Heres a quote from it:Do you have information that theres an android in the cast? Id be glad to help you, and if I were an android would I be glad to help you? An android, he said, doesnt care what happens to another android. Thats one of the indications we look for. Then, Miss Luft said, you must be an android.Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?Man vs. Fate or the Sup ernaturalYoull find Man vs. Fate conflict often throughout ancient literature, particularly Greek myth and Arthurian lore. Youll even see it a lot in Shakespearean plays. Man vs. Fate or Man vs. the Supernatural is a conflict that occurs when the protagonist finds himself or herself pitted against a vengeful god or powerful supernatural force. As with other types of conflict, particularly Man vs. Nature, youll often see this one combined with the Man vs. Self struggle. This is because the protagonist must come to terms with his or her own humanity and limitations when involved in a Man vs. Fate conflict.A perfect example of this conflict from literature would be Homers The Odyssey, in which Odysseus, on his way home from the Trojan War, encounters a range of supernatural forces and beings attempting to stall him. Heres a good quote:Ah how shameless- the way these mortals blame the gods. From us alone they say come all their miseries yes but they themselves with their own reckless wa ys compound their pains beyond their proper share.The Odyssey

BOCHK Risk Management and Financial Performance - Smart Custom Writing Samples

BOCHK Risk Management and Financial Performance - Smart Custom Writing Inchoate CrimesInchoate crimes are also referred to as incomplete crimes. They are acts in which one is inclined to commit a crime or one participates indirectly in a criminal offence. These crimes include attempt, conspiracy as well as solicitation. Inchoate crimes also include the act of being an accomplice or an accessory to a crime (Larry , 2006). Attempt is a type of inchoate offence which is regarded as the closest to the actual crime than all the others (Larry , 2006). Attempt involves an intent to carry out an act which amounts to a crime. It also involves the intent to bring about consequences which are equal to a crime as per the law (Larry , 2006). Attempt doesn’t stop at the mere intent but it involves an act that furthers that intent. Policy wise, a person who attempts a crime is punished because a person intending to commit a crime is a socially dangerous person (Schmalleger, 2006). The punishment administered is a bit lenient though than that which would have been administered in the event that the crime was completed (Schmalleger, 2006. Conspiracy is an inchoate offence in which a person collaborates with others to commit a crime (Smith, 1995). Unlike attempt, conspiracy can be charged in addition to the crime itself. For instance, a person who commits murder in collaboration with others can be charged of the murder itself as well as the conspiracy with the others to commit the crime of murder (Smith, 1995). Solicitation is considered a substantive crime on its own. Solicitation involves the inducement of a person by another one to commit a crime (James, 2006). The list of Words that create an inducement is referred to as the list of proper utterances for the crime of solicitation. These words advise, command, counsel, encourage, entice, importune, incite, instigate, order, procure, request, solicit, or urge a person to commit a crime (James, 2006). Elements of solicitation include: mens rea :- the specific intent to persuade someone else to commit a crime while not intending to commit a crime. This involves the act of purposely wanting to persuade a person to commit a crime without the use of casual comments or joking around. Actus reus:- this refers to the utterance of words which that can cause inducement. This utterance can be oral, written or even electronic (James, 2006). Amy can be charged with conspiracy to commit a crime. This is because she collaborates with her husband Hank to break Lisa’s leg by having the husband push Lisa down some stairs. For one to be charged with conspiracy, the intended crime doesn’t necessarily have to be successful. . Hank can be charged with two cases of conspiracy. Firstly, he collaborates with Amy to push Lisa down some stairs so as to injure her leg. Secondly, he collaborates with Tess to hurt Lisa’s leg by a method not specified. He can also be charged with solicitation as he entices Tess with $2000 to hurt Lisa. Tess can be convicted of the crime of conspiracy as he collaborates with Hank to injure Lisa’s leg. She can also be convicted of the crime of attempt as she tries to shoot Lisa in the thigh with a gun at the parking lot though unsuccessful. References James W. ( 2006). Criminal Law and Procedure for the paralegal: a systems approach. London: Routledge. Larry , K. (2006). Criminal Justice in Action: The Core. London: Thomson-Wadsworth Publishing. Schmalleger, F. (2006). Criminal Law Today: An Introduction with Capstone Cases. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall Smith, J. (1995). Some Comments On The Law Commission's Report. London: Routledge.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics - Essay Example When decisions are made that result in the right consequences, then that is ethical; when decisions are made which result in the wrong consequences, then that is acting corruptly (Pollock, 2011). The term deontology draws from the Greek speech for duty and science of logos. In contemporary ethical viewpoint, deontology is one of those types of normative theories concerning which decisions are ethically required, prohibited, or permitted. In other terms, deontology descends within the sphere of moral premises that lead and review our decisions of what we must do (deontic hypotheses), in distinction to aretaic virtue theories) that at least show and assess what type of person we are and must be and within that sphere, deontologists those who pledge to deontological hypotheses of morality stand contrary to consequentialists. There are several inherent problems with using one or the other types of ethics in the sense that each type of ethics focuses on different parameters as a way of de termining ethical standard. Whereas the Teleological ethical systems focuses on the outcomes of consequences of decisions in determining whether they are ethical or not, deontological ethics, on the other hand, focus on the aspect of ethical requirements regarding what should be done and what should not be done. Therefore, the two ethical systems are different in application owing to their ethical bases and orientations. 2. What are some types of conduct that may be legal, but unethical? Advertising claims that will mislead people into buying a product or believing something about the product which is true is unethical though there are no legal constraints over such behavior (Samuelson & Beatty, 2010). In essence, marketing and advertising are areas which are legally recognized though their activities border on immoral actions, which compromise the values of business. Through marketing, the customer is made to believe certain things about the product that may not be true; that is le gal but immoral. The act of betraying a trusted companion or colleague is not illegal yet unethical in the sense that it goes against the values of fairness and human dignity. Basically, betrayal is not outlawed, and the law finds no offense in such acts yet on the practical basis betrayal is inherently immoral and unacceptable as behavior and goes against values. Through betrayal, a person creates unnecessary agony and suffering to the other person or people and violates their right to dignity among other rights making the act unethical. Engaging a competitor or partner in lengthy negotiations regarding a merger or joint venture when in reality there are no plans of doing so or simply for the sake of collecting information is unethical. Such conduct is unethical because it does not augur well with the other party and is aimed at collecting information to be used against the other partner in a competitive manner. However, such actions are perfectly legal and recognized by law as not being against the established statutes. 3. The American model of judicial selection vs. the civil law model of judicial selection. What are some ethical issues that may impact one system or the other, or both systems, for judicial selection or appointment? There are some ethical issues that may impact one system or the other, or both systems, for judicial selection or appointment (the American model of judicial selection and the civil law mod

The effects of different political parties on the US economy Essay

The effects of different political parties on the US economy - Essay Example Despite this, Reagan added his own brand of Big Government with the swelling of the National Debt under his watch which crippled the economy. Liberal and conservative economic ideologies cannot necessarily be connected with Democratic and Republican Parties respectively as this paper will illuminate. The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually the entire industrialized world. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920’s, and the extensive stock market speculation that took place during the latter part of that same decade. The misdistribution of wealth in the 1920s existed on many levels. Money was distributed disparately between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy. The excessive speculation in the late 1920s kept the stock market artificially high, but eventually lead to large market crashes. These market crashes, combined with the misdistribution of wealth, caused the American economy to capsize. The ‘roaring twentie s’ was an era when our country prospered tremendously. The nation’s total realized income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929 (Hicks, 1960 p. 110). However, the rewards of the (Republican) ‘Coolidge Prosperity’ of the 1920’s were not shared evenly among all Americans. According to a study done by the Brookings Institute, in 1929 the top 0.1 percent of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42 percent (McElvaine, 1984 p. 38). That same top 0.1 percent of Americans in 1929 controlled 34 percent of all savings, while 80 percent of Americans had no savings at all (McElvaine, 1984 p. 38).

Quaker Oats Company and Snapple Beverage Company Essay

Quaker Oats Company and Snapple Beverage Company - Essay Example The company specialized in the manufacture of beverage, food, and oatmeal products. Management conflicts occurred among the three partners, with Crowell and Stuart being forced out by Schumacher. However, the two returned through a proxy-share war that resulted in the ejection f Schumacher in 1901. It was after this that they changed the name of the company to the Quaker Oats Company. In the process, the company changed its product line to specialize in oat, wheat cereals, corn meal, baby food, animal feeds, corn meal, and hominy. During the late 20th century, the Quaker Oats Company expanded its product-line to include hundreds of beverage and food products such as frozen waffles, pancakes, mixes, crunch breakfast cereals, Aunt Jemima syrup, among others. Since then, the company has expanded its operations to become a multinational organization with branches in over 25 countries across Asia, Europe, and Latin America (Hill, Jones & Schilling, 2014). The Driving Forces behind the Acquisition The acquiring company paired Snapple with its Gatorade plant, thus forming the third leading non-alcoholic beverage producer in North America. The success story of the Snapple Co. was one of the driving forces behind the acquisition plan. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Snapple dominated the media as the darling of the Wall Street. The company’s profit margins had roared for close to a decade, thus drawing interests from other players in the industry.

Financial Analysis of Cadbury Schweppes Essay Example for Free

Financial Analysis of Cadbury Schweppes Essay The capital structure of Cadbury Schweppes based on its 2006 balance sheet shows that the company uses more debt than equity to finance its operations. The company’s debt to total stockholders equity ratio of the company is more than fifty percent, while its debt to equity ratio is at 1. 30. A high debt to equity ratio means that the company relies heavily in debt financing. A high debt to equity ratio does not necessarily mean that the company has poor financial leverage because there are industries that are capital intensive which requires companies to incur large amounts of debt to finance its operations. One such industry is the automobile industry, where a debt to equity ratio of two is still considered acceptable. In the case of Cadbury Schweppes, the company is engaged in manufacturing candy, chocolate and drinks. It is an industry which is not as capital intensive as the car manufacturing industry so its debt to equity ratio maybe too high. The company has been undergoing changes in its operations over the years. It has gradually moved out of its investments that do not fall within its core business which is confectionery and beverage. While it disposed of some of its incompatible businesses, it continued to expand its confectionery and beverage operations. These acquisitions, particularly those made in the United States can be the reason for its large debt. Debt is used by the company to increase its operations and, as a consequence, increase its profits. The company’s performance has been increasingly growing every year, so it is possible that the company has determined that the cost of expending the operations which is in the form of interest payments is much lower than the benefits incurred in the form of increase in sales. Having a large amount of is extremely detrimental to the company if it is unable to recoup the cost of the debt; this is not the case of Cadbury Schweppes. The dividend yield ratio measures the amount of income received by each share of stock with the cost of such share. The dividend yield ratio necessarily varies over time because the market value of share changes as it is traded. A comparison of dividend yield ratio over time can be used to gauge if the performance of the company is improving, but this ratio should not be analyzed on its own. It must be analyzed together with other factors such as the market value of the share. A company with a low dividend yield can mean that the company’s share is priced highly by the market and does not necessarily mean that the company is unable to make dividend payments. On the other hand, high dividend yield can mean that the company’s share has a very low market value and not because it is able to give its shareholders large amounts of dividends. The company has a dividend yield of 2. 30% and it share has a market value ranging from 51. 5 to 51. 6. Based on this figures, it is apparent that its dividend yield is not because of the extremely high or low market value of its share. The price/earnings ratio of the company, on the other hand, is seen by investors as a gauge of how much the market values the company’s share. In this company’s case, it has a price earning of 24. 22. This number is very close to the industry’s average. This means that the company is competitive with other members of the industry and is generally viewed by the investing community as a good investment. Based on its dividend yield and price/earnings ratio, the company is able to compensate stockholders despite its large debts. This is probably because the earnings of the company is divided by a smaller number of shares than if the company chose to finance its operation by equity rather than debt. The large shareholders of the company are Franklin Resources, Inc. and Legal and General with shares ownership amounting to 4. 01% and 3. 47%.